乌伦古湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 2132-2141.

乌伦古湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

窦乾明^1,4,5,王乐^1,4,5,赵章国²,姚艳玲³,王慧博^1,4,5,宋聃^1,4,5,黄晓丽^1,4,5,霍堂斌^1,4,5*

（¹中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所，寒地水域水生生物保护与生态修复重点实验室，哈尔滨 150070； ²中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司，贵阳 550081； ³松辽水利委员会水利工程建设管理站，长春 130012； ⁴农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业生态环境监测中心，哈尔滨 150070； ⁵黑龙江流域渔业生态省野外科学观测研究站，哈尔滨 150070）

出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-07

Macrobenthos community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Ulungur Lake.

DOU Qianming^1,4,5, WANG Le^1,4,5, ZHAO Zhangguo², YAO Yanling³, WANG Huibo^1,4,5, SONG Dan^1,4,5, HUANG Xiaoli^1,4,5, HUO Tangbin^1,4,5*

(¹Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; ²Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, Guiyang 550081, China; ³Hydraulic Engineering Construction Management Station of Songliao Water Resources Commission, Changchun 130012, China; ⁴Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150070, China; ⁵Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150070, China).

Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解乌伦古湖底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系，于2019—2021年对乌伦古湖5个湖区28个采样点的底栖动物和环境因子进行6次调查。结果表明：共采集底栖动物68种，隶属于4门14目21科，其中优势种以摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类为主，喜盐摇蚊（Chironomus salinarius）、摇蚊属（Chironomus sp.）和前突摇蚊属（Procladius sp.）为全年优势种属；Kruskal-Wallis检验表明环境因子的时空梯度差异性显著（P<0.05），而底栖动物密度、生物量也存在明显的时空变化；春、夏、秋3季底栖动物平均密度和生物量分别为851、529、669 ind·m^-2和19.52、14.60、13.39 g·m^-2，春季密度、生物量主要集中于布伦托海中部（987 ind·m^-2、24.29 g·m^-2）和吉力湖南部（1040 ind·m^-2、21.32 g·m^-2）；夏季密度、生物量主要集中于骆驼脖子（896 ind·m^-2、30.12 g·m^-2）；秋季密度主要集中于吉力湖南部（808 ind·m^-2）和骆驼脖子（864 ind·m^-2），生物量除集中于吉力湖南部（16.07 g·m^-2）和骆驼脖子（14.81 g·m^-2）之外，还集中于73 km小海子（15.74 g·m^-2）；主成分分析和相似性分析表明底栖动物群落结构具备极显著性时空差异（P<0.01），物种指示值分析也发现不同湖区的显著性指示种不同；冗余分析表明，盐度、总氮和电导率是影响不同季节底栖动物群落结构的重要环境因子，其与寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫呈显著正相关，与大部分底栖动物呈显著负相关；水体矿化度、营养物质和有机污染物是乌伦古湖生态环境面临的主要威胁，气候变化和人类干扰对底栖动物群落结构形成胁迫作用。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 物种指示值, 环境因子, 乌伦古湖

Abstract: To understand the community structure of benthos and its relationship with environmental factors in Ulungur Lake, six surveys were conducted on benthos and environmental factors at 28 sampling sites in five sites of Ulungur Lake from 2019 to 2021. A total of 68 species of benthos belonging to 4 phyla, 14 orders and 21 families were collected. Chironomus larvae and oligochaetes dominated the community, while Chironomus salinarius, Chironomus sp. and Procladius sp. were the dominant species throughout the year. There were significant temporal and spatial variations of environmental factors (P<0.05). The density and biomass of benthos exhibited variations across both time and space. The average density and biomass of benthos in spring, summer, and autumn were 851, 529, 669 and·m^-2 and 19.52, 14.60, and 13.39 g·m^-2, respectively. The density and biomass in spring were mainly concentrated in the middle of the Buluntuohai Lake (987 ind·m^-2, 24.29 g·m^-2) and the south of Jili Lake (1040 ind·m^-2, 21.32 g·m^-2). Summer density and biomass mainly concentrated in Luotuobozi Lake (896 ind·m^-2, 30.12 g·m^-2). Autumn density was mainly concentrated in the southern part of Jili Lake (808 ind·m^-2) and Luotuobozi Lake (864 ind·m^-2). The biomass in autumn was concentrated in the southern part of Jili Lake (16.07 g·m^-2) and Luotuobozi Lake (14.81 g·m^-2), as well as in the 73 km Xiaohaizi Lake (15.74 g·m^-2). Principal component analysis and similarity analysis showed that the benthos community structure had significant spatiotemporal variations (P<0.01). The significant indicator species differed in different lakes. Redundancy analysis showed that salinity, total nitrogen, and electrical conductivity were important factors affecting the community structure of benthos across different seasons. These factors exhibited significant positive correlations with oligochaetes and chironomid larvae, while significant negative correlation with most benthos. Water salinity, nutrients, and organic pollutants were the main threats to the ecological environment of Ulungur Lake. Both climate change and human activities have exerted considerable stress on the structure of benthos community.

Key words: macrobenthos, community structure, species indicator value, environmental factor, Ulungur Lake

窦乾明, 王乐, 赵章国, 姚艳玲, 王慧博, 宋聃, 黄晓丽, 霍堂斌. 乌伦古湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(7): 2132-2141.

DOU Qianming, WANG Le, ZHAO Zhangguo, YAO Yanling, WANG Huibo, SONG Dan, HUANG Xiaoli, HUO Tangbin. Macrobenthos community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Ulungur Lake.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(7): 2132-2141.

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