关键词: 免耕, 秋翻, 黑土, 土壤硬度, 土壤容重

Abstract: This paper describs kinds of fire, its effect on various components of ecosystem, adaptive characteristics of plant species to it, dependence of ecosystem on it and its role in the management and maintainence of ecosystem. It is considered that, as an important environmental factor in the evolution of various species of many ratural ecosystems on the earth, fire plays an important part in maintaining naturally functioning ecosystems and in helping to determine the structure and distribution of many of the world's plant and animal communities. To preserve an ecosystem, it is necessary to preserve all ecological processes under which that ecosystem evolved, including periodic big fires.

Key words: no-tillage, ploughing in autumn, black soil, soil penetration resistance, soil bulk density