免耕卧秆覆盖还田对辽西农田土壤理化特性及玉米产量的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.007

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2633-2642.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.007

免耕卧秆覆盖还田对辽西农田土壤理化特性及玉米产量的影响

甘淼^1，2，3,张振子^1，2，3,董智^1，2，3*,董俊^1，2，3,刘洋^1，2，3,侯志研^1，2，3，孙占祥^1，2，3

（¹ 辽宁省农业科学院，沈阳 110161； ²辽宁省旱地保护性耕作重点实验室，沈阳 110161； ³农业农村部东北节水农业重点实验室，沈阳 110161）

出版日期:2026-08-10 发布日期:2026-08-17

Effects of no-tillage with straw mulching on soil physicochemical properties and maize yield in western Liaoning.

GAN Miao^1，2，3, ZHANG Zhenzi^1，2，3, DONG Zhi^1，2，3*, DONG Jun^1，2，3, LIU Yang^1，2，3, HOU Zhiyan^1，2，3, SUN Zhanxiang^1，2，3

(¹Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; ²Liaoning Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage in Dry Land, Shenyang 110161, China; ³Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture of Northeast, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110161, China).

Online:2026-08-10 Published:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究辽西半干旱区玉米高产稳产的保护性耕作模式，设置传统旋耕（RT）、免耕无秸秆还田（NT）和免耕全秸秆卧秆覆盖还田（NTS）3个处理，分析不同处理对土壤水热状况、理化性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明：（1）在2017和2018年作物生育期降水不足情况下，NTS处理玉米产量显著高于NT和RT处理；与NT处理相比，NTS处理玉米产量分别增加12.44%和22.96%，而在丰水年（2021年），NTS的促产效果不显著。（2）较RT处理而言，NT处理可提高0～20 cm土层土壤保水效果，而NTS处理促进了土壤水分向下迁移，且在降雨季节（6—9月）波动较小；NTS对0～20 cm土层土壤温度的调节作用表现为春季和夏初时节降温，秋冬季增温。（3）NT及NTS均可有效改善0～20 cm土壤物理结构，其中，NTS处理下土壤物理结构最为理想，广义土壤结构指数值较NT提高了8.24%，土壤三相结构距离值较NT降低了3.38%。（4）经过免耕和免耕卧秆覆盖处理后的农田，土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾的表聚性更为明显；免耕卧秆覆盖通过调节土壤水分、温度、pH、全氮和速效磷影响玉米产量，保证了玉米产量的稳定性；连续免耕作用下土壤容重有所增大，需及时进行调整（如采取深松措施等）以防土壤严重板结。本研究结果可为辽西半干旱区玉米增产和耕作方式优化提供理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: 玉米, 免耕, 二比空, 产量, 土壤有机质

Abstract: To construct conservation tillage practices with the aim of maintaining high and stable maize yield in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning, a field experiment was conducted with three treatments: conventional rotary tillage (RT), no-tillage without straw mulching (NT), and no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS). We analyzed the effects of these treatments on soil hydrothermal conditions, physicochemical properties, and maize yield. The results showed that: (1) Under precipitation-deficient conditions during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons, maize yield under NTS was significantly higher than that under NT and RT. Compared to RT, NTS increased maize yield by 12.44% and 22.96% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. However, in a wet year (2021), the yield-promoting effect of NTS was not significant. (2) Compared to RT, NT improved water retention in the 0-20 cm soil layer, whereas NTS promoted downward water movement and maintained smaller moisture fluctuations during the rainy season (June-September). NTS regulated soil temperature in the 0-20 cm layer, exhibiting a cooling effect in spring and early summer but a warming effect in autumn and winter. (3) Both NT and NTS significantly improved soil physical structure in the 0-20 cm layer, with the impact of NTS being the strongest. The generalized soil structure index for NTS was 8.24% higher than that of NT, while the soil three-phase structure distance was 3.38% lower than that of NT. (4) Surface accumulation of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium was more pronounced under NT and NTS. The NTS treatment ensured yield stability by regulating soil moisture, temperature, pH, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Notably, continuous no-tillage increased soil bulk density, requiring timely management (e.g., subsoiling tillage) to prevent severe compaction. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for enhancing maize yield and optimizing tillage systems in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning.

Key words: maize, no-tillage, double row cropping with 2∶1 row interval, yield, soil organic matter

甘淼, 张振子, 董智, 董俊, 刘洋, 侯志研, 孙占祥. 免耕卧秆覆盖还田对辽西农田土壤理化特性及玉米产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(8): 2633-2642.

GAN Miao, ZHANG Zhenzi, DONG Zhi, DONG Jun, LIU Yang, HOU Zhiyan, SUN Zhanxiang. Effects of no-tillage with straw mulching on soil physicochemical properties and maize yield in western Liaoning.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(8): 2633-2642.

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免耕卧秆覆盖还田对辽西农田土壤理化特性及玉米产量的影响

Effects of no-tillage with straw mulching on soil physicochemical properties and maize yield in western Liaoning.

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