免耕秸秆覆盖下不同时间施用促腐剂对黑土理化性质及真菌群落的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202605.001

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1544-1553.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202605.001

免耕秸秆覆盖下不同时间施用促腐剂对黑土理化性质及真菌群落的影响

庞雪艺^1,2_,米俊珍^1,2*,刘景辉^1,2*,张俊珍^1,2,潘越^1,2,王金金^1,2,王希全^1,2,赵宝平^1,2,罗方³

（¹内蒙古农业大学农学院，呼和浩特 010000； ²内蒙古高校燕麦工程研究中心/内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室/内蒙古农业大学杂粮产业协同创新中心，呼和浩特 010000； ³阿荣旗农业事业发展中心，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 162750）

出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-07

Effects of application of microbial promoting-decomposing agent at different times on physicochemical properties and fungal communities of black soil under no-till straw mulching.

PANG Xueyi^1,2, MI Junzhen^1,2*, LIU Jinghui^1,2*, ZHANG Junzhen^1,2, PAN Yue^1,2, WANG Jinjin^1,2, WANG Xiquan^1,2, ZHAO Baoping^1,2, LUO Fang³

(¹School of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, China; ²Inner Mongolia University Oat Engineering Research Center/Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oat Engineering Laboratory/Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Multi-grain Industry Collaborative Innovation Center, Hohhot 010000, China; ³Arong Banner Agriculture Development Center, Hulunbuir 162750, Inner Mongolia, China).

Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确免耕秸秆覆盖不同时间施用促腐剂下黑土理化性质及真菌群落的变化，本试验于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市黑土区设置翻耕秸秆还田（CK1）、免耕秸秆覆盖不施促腐剂（CK2）、免耕秸秆覆盖播种时施促腐剂（NT1）、免耕秸秆覆盖播种后15天施促腐剂（NT2）、免耕秸秆覆盖播种后30天施促腐剂（NT3）5个处理，研究土壤容重、pH、养分含量及真菌群落的变化特征。结果表明：与CK1相比，CK2显著提高了0～40 cm土层土壤容重，降低了土壤pH值，且显著提高0～10 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷和有机质含量；与CK2相比，0～10 cm土层土壤养分含量随促腐剂施用时间的推迟而增加，其中NT3处理养分富集效应最显著，土壤pH、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、可溶性有机碳和有机质含量分别提高5.17%、17.81%、12.18%、43.31%、27.29%和4.15%，土壤容重降低4.96%；NT3处理显著提高10～20 cm土层速效磷、速效钾和可溶性有机碳含量，分别提高38.07%、24.51%和22.34%；促腐剂处理均提高了0～10 cm土层真菌Alpha多样性，增加了0～40 cm土层促腐菌腐质霉属（Humicola）和青霉菌属（Penicillium）的相对丰度，降低了0～20 cm土层致病菌镰刀菌属（Fusarium）的相对丰度，其中NT3处理镰刀菌属相对丰度最低，且特异性富集促腐菌被孢霉属（Mortierella）。Spearman相关性分析表明，腐质霉属和青霉菌属的相对丰度与土壤养分含量在0～10 cm土层均呈显著正相关。综上，免耕播种后30天施用促腐剂效果最佳，为黑土区免耕秸秆覆盖促腐剂的施用提供了重要参考。

关键词: 免耕秸秆覆盖, 微生物促腐剂, 土壤养分, 真菌群落结构

Abstract: To understand the effects of applying a microbial promoting-decomposing agent at different times on physicochemical properties and fungal communities in black soil under no-till straw mulching, we conducted an experiment in the black soil area of Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia. There were five treatments: conventional plowing with straw returning (CK1), no-till with straw mulching without microbial promoting-decomposing agent (CK2), no-till straw mulching with microbial promoting-decomposing agent applied at planting (NT1), no-till straw mulching with microbial promoting-decomposing agent applied 15 days after planting (NT2), no-till straw mulching with microbial promoting-decomposing agent applied 30 days after planting (NT3). The results showed that compared with CK1, CK2 significantly increased soil bulk density and reduced soil pH in the 0-40 cm layer, and increased the contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and soil organic matter (SOM) in the 0-10 cm layer. Compared with CK2, delayed application of the microbial promoting-decomposing agent increased soil nutrient content in the 0-10 cm layer, with the NT3 showing the most significant effect. Specifically, NT3 increased soil pH, AN, AP, available potassium (AK), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SOM by 5.17%, 17.81%, 12.18%, 43.31%, 27.29%, and 4.15%, respectively, and reduced soil bulk density by 4.96%. In the 10-20 cm layer, NT3 significantly increased AP, AK, and DOC contents by 38.07%, 24.51%, and 22.34%. Treatments with the microbial promoting-decomposing agent increased fungal αdiversity in the 0-10 cm layer and elevated the relative abundance of Humicola and Penicillium in the 0-40 cm layer, while reducing Fusarium abundance in the 0-20 cm layer. Among them, NT3 had the lowest Fusarium abundance and the highest enrichment of Mortierella. The relative abundances of Humicola and Penicillium were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrient content in the 0-10 cm layer. In conclusion, applying the microbial promoting-decomposing agent at 30 days after notill sowing with straw mulching achieved the optimal results, providing critical guidance for its application in black soil regions.

Key words: no-till straw mulching, microbial promoting-decomposing agent, soil nutrient, fungal community structure

庞雪艺, 米俊珍, 刘景辉, 张俊珍, 潘越, 王金金, 王希全, 赵宝平, 罗方. 免耕秸秆覆盖下不同时间施用促腐剂对黑土理化性质及真菌群落的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(5): 1544-1553.

PANG Xueyi, MI Junzhen, LIU Jinghui, ZHANG Junzhen, PAN Yue, WANG Jinjin, WANG Xiquan, ZHAO Baoping, LUO Fang. Effects of application of microbial promoting-decomposing agent at different times on physicochemical properties and fungal communities of black soil under no-till straw mulching.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(5): 1544-1553.

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免耕秸秆覆盖下不同时间施用促腐剂对黑土理化性质及真菌群落的影响

Effects of application of microbial promoting-decomposing agent at different times on physicochemical properties and fungal communities of black soil under no-till straw mulching.

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