深翻-旋耕轮耕与有机肥配施对农田黑土团聚体内酶活性的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202303.031

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1090-1098.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202303.031

深翻-旋耕轮耕与有机肥配施对农田黑土团聚体内酶活性的影响

何婉莹¹,谷思玉^1*,谷邵臣²,车延静¹,王紫颖¹,袁望博¹,杨佳宇¹

（¹东北农业大学资源与环境学院，哈尔滨 150030； ²中央储备粮大庆直属库有限公司，黑龙江大庆 163818）

出版日期:2023-05-10 发布日期:2023-05-05

Effects of deep-till-rototill rotation and organic fertilizer application on enzyme activity in aggregates of black soil cropland.

HE Wanying¹, GU Siyu^1*, GU Shaochen², CHE Yanjing¹, WANG Ziying¹, YUAN Wangbo¹, YANG Jiayu¹#br#

#br#

(¹College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; ²Central Grain Reserve Daqing Direct Warehouse Co. Ltd, Daqing 163818, Heilongjiang, China).

Online:2023-05-10 Published:2023-05-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 东北黑土区耕作方式单一、化肥施用偏重，导致耕层结构变差、犁底层加厚上移、土壤养分有效性下降。研究深翻旋耕轮耕模式对松嫩平原南部农田黑土区土壤结构和酶活性改善的效果，以期为区域耕作施肥等管理技术的创新提供理论依据。试验基于农田黑土全量秸秆还田条件，设置连年旋耕、深翻旋耕轮耕2个耕作处理和化肥、化肥+有机肥2个培肥处理，分析0～20 cm土层中2～5、1～2、0.5～1、0.25～0.5和<0.25 mm等各级团聚体特征及其过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。结果表明：轮耕的两个培肥处理土壤团聚体以2～5 mm粒级为主，其含量显著高于其他粒级团聚体，占总质量比的26.8%～31.3%；且轮耕处理的2～5、1～2、0.5～1 mm粒级团聚体比例显著高于连年旋耕处理，而其他粒级结果相反；过氧化氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均呈现深翻旋耕轮耕处理整体较高于连年旋耕处理，有机肥的施用对土壤大粒级团聚体酶活性具有积极促进作用；过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着粒级的增大而增强，脲酶和蔗糖酶活性以2～5 mm粒级团聚体最高；酸性磷酸酶活性随着粒级的减小而增强，<0.25 mm粒级团聚体为最高；深翻-旋耕轮耕处理土壤团聚体过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性贡献率显著高于连年旋耕处理；综上，在东北黑土区，深翻-旋耕轮耕处理配施有机肥有利于0～20 cm土层土壤大团聚体的凝聚与形成，并对各级团聚体酶活性具有显著的影响。

关键词: 农田黑土, 轮耕, 培肥, 土壤团聚体, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: The use of single tillage methods and excessive application of chemical fertilizer on the black soil of northeast China have resulted in poor soil structure, hardening of the plow base layer, and decline of soil fertility. We investigated the effects of deep-till-rototill rotation on soil structure and enzyme activity in the black soil area of Songnen Plain. With full straw returning in black soil, we carried out an experiment with two tillage treatments (continuous rotary tillage and deeptillrototill rotation) and two fertilization treatments (chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer). Soil samples from the 0-20 cm layer were air-dried, sieved, and divided into 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, and <0.25 mm particle size aggregates. The activities of peroxidase, sucrase, urease, and acid phosphatase were measured for each aggregate size. The results showed that soil aggregates in the two fertilization treatments under deep-till-rototill rotation were mainly in the 2-5 mm particle sizes, which accounted for 26.8%-31.3% of the total mass and significantly higher than other particle sizes. The proportion of aggregates of 2-5, 1-2, and 0.5-1 mm in the deep-till-rototill rotation treatment was significantly higher than that in the conti-nuous rotary tillage treatment. The activities of catalase, urease, and acid phosphatase were higher under the deep-till-rototill rotation treatment than the continuous rotary tillage treatment. The application of organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the enzyme activity of large-sized aggregates. The activities of catalase, urease, and sucrase increased with particle size, with the highest activity of urease and sucrase in 2-5 mm aggregates. The activity of acid phosphatase increased with the decreases of particle size, being highest in <0.25 mm aggregates. In conclusion, combining deep-till-rototill rotation with the application of organic fertilizer benefits the coalescence and formation of soil macroaggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer and has a significant effect on the improvement of enzyme activities in all aggregate sizes.

Key words: black soil, rotation tillage, fertilization, soil aggregate, soil enzyme activity.

何婉莹, 谷思玉, 谷邵臣, 车延静, 王紫颖, 袁望博, 杨佳宇. 深翻-旋耕轮耕与有机肥配施对农田黑土团聚体内酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(5): 1090-1098.

HE Wanying, GU Siyu, GU Shaochen, CHE Yanjing, WANG Ziying, YUAN Wangbo, YANG Jiayu. Effects of deep-till-rototill rotation and organic fertilizer application on enzyme activity in aggregates of black soil cropland.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(5): 1090-1098.

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深翻-旋耕轮耕与有机肥配施对农田黑土团聚体内酶活性的影响

Effects of deep-till-rototill rotation and organic fertilizer application on enzyme activity in aggregates of black soil cropland.

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