玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验探讨了玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥措施对土壤酶活性以及微生物生物量的影响。试验设置7个处理：（1）对照（不施肥，CK）；（2）有机肥7.5 t·hm^-2（M1）；（3）有机肥15 t·hm^-2（M2）；（4）有机肥22.5 t·hm^-2 (M3)；（5）化肥（N 160 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2）(T1)；（6）有机肥7.5 t·hm^-2+化肥（N 81 kg·hm^-2+ P₂O₅ 0 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 67 kg·hm^-2）(T2)；（7）有机肥15 t·hm^-2+化肥（N 120 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 7 kg·hm^-2+和K₂O 71 kg·hm^-2）(T3)。2017年有机肥与2016年施入相同，化肥施用量为2016年的80%。在不同生长时期采集0～20 cm的耕层土样，测定土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性。两年的试验数据分析表明，不同处理间土壤微生物生物量碳、氮存在显著差异，各施肥处理均能显著增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮。在玉米成熟期，T2、T3处理较M1、M2处理的微生物生物量碳分别增加32%和21%，微生物生物量氮分别增加38%和28%，大豆成熟期与玉米成熟期相比，微生物生物量碳增加了13%～51%，微生物生物量氮增加了85%～174%。土壤蔗糖酶活性在作物不同生育时期以T3处理的效果最为显著，过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性以有机无机肥料配施处理较为显著。相对于玉米田，大豆土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性均有不同程度的提高。各处理间土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性与土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾水平显著相关。单施有机肥及有机无机肥配施可显著提高土壤养分、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性及土壤微生物生物量碳、氮，但过氧化氢酶活性与施肥量无显著相关性。

关键词: 土壤温度, 沙丘, 土壤水分含量, 温度敏感性, 源-汇关系

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization regimes on soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), nitrogen (SMBN) and enzyme activities in a maize-soybean rotation system. There were seven treatments: (1) no fertilizer input (CK); (2) manure alone 7.5 t·hm^-2 (M1); (3) manure alone 15 t·hm^-2 (M2); (4) manure alone 22.5t·hm^-2 (M3); (5) chemical fertilizer (N 160 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 75 kg·hm^-2) (T1); (6) manure 7.5 t·hm^-2 plus chemical fertilizer (N 81 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 0kg·hm^-2+K₂O 67 kg·hm^-2) (T2); (7) manure 15 t·hm^-2 plus chemical fertilizer (N 120 kg·hm^-2+P₂O₅ 7 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 71 kg·hm^-2) (T3). Soil samples in 0-20 cm depth were collected in different growth stages and SMBC, SMBN, activities of soil invertase, catalase and urease were measured. There were significant differences in SMBC and SMBN among different treatments. Compared with M1 and M2 (on average), SMBC in T2 and T3 treatments increased by 32% and 21%, and SMBN increased by 38% and 28% at mature stage, respectively. Compared with that at maize mature stage, SMBC at soybean mature stage increased by 13%-51%, and SMBN increased by 85%-174%. T3 treatment had most significant effects on soil invertase activity in the different growth stages. The combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers- had greater effects on the activities of soil catalase and urease. Relative to the corn field, SMBC, SMBN and enzyme activities were increased with different degrees in the soybean field. SMBC, SMBN and enzyme activities were closely related to soil organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, available P and K contents in different treatments. Organic fertilizer application or combined application with chemical fertilizer could improve soil nutrients, urease activity, SMBC and SMBN, but no significant correlation was observed between catalase activity and fertilization level.

Key words: temperature sensitivity, sand dune., soil temperature, soil moisture, source sink relationship

周东兴,李磊,李晶,宁玉翠,曹旭,邬欣慧,荣国华. 玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHOU Dong-xing, LI Lei, LI Jing, NING Yu-cui, CAO Xu, WU Xin-hui, RONG Guo-hua. Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in maize-soybean rotation system.[J]. cje.

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玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in maize-soybean rotation system.

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