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生态学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 597-602.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202202.023

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农田秸秆覆盖技术及其应用研究进展

马建涛1,柴守玺1*,程宏波2,常磊1   

  1. (1甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州 730070;2甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2022-03-10 发布日期:2022-03-11

Research progress of straw mulching technology and its application in farmland.

MA Jian-tao1, CHAI Shou-xi1*, CHENG Hong-bo2, CHANG Lei1     

  1. (1Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2College of Bioscience and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China).
  • Online:2022-03-10 Published:2022-03-11

摘要: 秸秆覆盖是旱地农业中抗旱保墒和高效用水的栽培措施之一,也是农业绿色增产、符合可持续发展需求的生产技术。秸秆覆盖是秸秆资源循环再利用的重要方式,不仅缓解了秸秆违规焚烧引起的雾霾污染,还可削弱长期地膜覆盖对土壤造成的残膜污染。秸秆覆盖的技术效应因气候条件和农作物种类的不同而异。本文从秸秆覆盖的蓄水调温、保墒、改变农田蒸散等角度,阐述了秸秆覆盖促进作物增产和水分高效利用的有效机制,同时提出了秸秆覆盖栽培中应加强对秸秆覆盖模式、作物病虫害防控、农机农艺配套及温室气体减排等方面的研究,完善相关技术与方法,为改进和推广秸秆覆盖技术提供参考。

关键词: 秸秆覆盖, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 产量, 作物种类

Abstract: Straw mulching is one of the cultivation measures for drought resistance, moisture conservation, and efficient water use in dryland agriculture. It is a technology for green agriculture to increase production and meet the needs of sustainable development. Straw mulching is an important way of recycling straw resources. It alleviates the haze pollution caused by the illegal incineration of straw and weakens the residual film pollution caused by long-term mulching. However, the effects of straw mulching depend on climatic conditions and crop types. In this review, we expound the effective mechanisms of straw mulching to promote crop yield and water-efficient use from the perspectives of water storage, temperature regulation, moisture retention, and evapotranspiration change of farmlands. Meanwhile, we propose that researches on straw mulching pattern, prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, agricultural machinery and agronomy matching, and greenhouse gas emission reduction in straw mulching cultivation should be strengthened, so as to improve relevant techniques and methods, and provide a reference for the improvement and promotion of straw mulching technology.

Key words: straw mulch, soil moisture, soil temperature, yield, crop species.