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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

花后外源碳氮供应对小麦加工品质的影响

郭伟1,2*,李建伟2   

  1. (1 东北农业大学, 农业部寒地作物生理生态重点开放实验室, 哈尔滨 150056; 2 黑龙江八一农垦大学, 黑龙江省普通高校
    寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室, 黑龙江大庆 163319)
  • 出版日期:2016-01-10 发布日期:2016-01-10

Effect of exogenous supply of nitrogen and carbon at post-anthesis of wheat on its end-use quality.

GUO Wei1,2*, LI Jian-wei2   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Coldzone Crop in Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150056, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Coldzone Crop in Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China)
  • Online:2016-01-10 Published:2016-01-10

摘要: 为研究小麦花后外源碳、氮供应对籽粒建成及加工品质的影响,以不同类型春小麦品种“克旱19”和“龙麦33”为材料,在小麦抽穗期分别用2%尿素、5%蔗糖和清水进行叶面喷施,籽粒收获后测定蛋白质组分和支、直链淀粉含量,以及面粉的面筋含量和面团拉伸特性,分析蛋白质品质与淀粉积累,及其与面团加工特性的相互关系。结果表明:蔗糖处理下,2品种的支、直链淀粉平均增加了4.3%和5.5%,而尿素处理的支、直链淀粉含量增加了5.3%和8.6%;蔗糖处理下,“克旱19”和“龙麦33”的清蛋白含量分别较对照增加了14.7%和25.3%,醇溶蛋白含量增加了10.2%和8.1%;而尿素处理的谷蛋白含量显著增加了5.0%和7.3%,醇溶蛋白含量增加了16.0%和10.9%;尿素处理显著降低了不溶蛋白含量,“克旱19”和“龙麦33”分别降低了26.3%和44.5%;尿素处理增加了小麦面筋蛋白组成,从而显著提高了面筋含量,增加了面团抗延阻力和拉伸曲线面积;蔗糖处理主要提高了籽粒清蛋白含量,促进淀粉形成。

关键词: 降水格局变化, 群落结构, 氮沉降, 种群密度, 地表节肢动物

Abstract:

The crop populations of two different spring wheat genotypes (Kehan 19 and Longmai 33) were sprayed with 2% of urea, 5% of sucrose, and water at heading stage, respectively, to study the effects of exogenous carbon and nitrogen supply on formation and end-use quality of grain. The contents of amylopectin, amylose and protein fractions of grain, and gluten content and tensile property of dough were determined after grain harvest. Then, the protein quality and starch accumulation, and their relationship with end-use quality were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the control, the contents of grain amylopectin and amylose of both cultivars were increased on average by 4.3% and 5.5% under the sucrose treatment, and by 5.3% and 8.6% under the urea treatment, respectively. Moreover, the sucrose treatment increased the albumin contents of Kehan 19 and Longmai 33 by 14.7% and 25.3%, and the prolamin contents by 10.2% and 8.1%, respectively; the urea treatment enhanced the glutelin contents by 5.0% and 7.3%, and the prolamin contents by 16.0% and 10.9%, respectively. However, the contents of insoluble protein in grains under the urea treatment were decreased by 26.3% and 44.5%, respectively for Kehan 19 and Longmai 33. Our results indicated that urea addition promoted the accumulation of gluten protein, and subsequently increased the content of wet gluten of flour and resistance of dough extension and energy, while sucrose addition improved the contents of starch and albumin in grains.
 

Key words: nitrogen deposition, population density, community structure, soil surface arthropods, changing precipita-tion