三亚南繁育种基地不同作物土壤线虫群落组成及多样性

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202602.026

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 582-588.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202602.026

三亚南繁育种基地不同作物土壤线虫群落组成及多样性

刘大伟¹，焦莉苹^1,3，翟俊峰³，葛建军²，陈井生⁴,王琪⁵,王旭^2,3*

（¹东北农业大学植物保护学院，哈尔滨 150030； ²三亚中国检科院生物安全中心，海南三亚 572019； ³中国质量检验检测科学研究院，北京 100176； ⁴重庆三峡学院，重庆 404020； 5中国科学技术交流中心，北京 100045）

出版日期:2026-02-10 发布日期:2026-08-01

Soil nematode community composition and diversity under different crops in the Plant Breeding Base of Sanya.

LIU Dawei¹, JIAO Liping^1,3, ZHAI Junfeng³, GE Jianjun², CHEN Jingsheng⁴, WANG Qi⁵, WANG Xu^2,3*

(¹College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; ²Sanya Chinese Academy of Inspection Biosafety Center, Sanya 572019, Hainan, China; ³Chinese Academy of Quality and Inspection & Testing, Beijing 100176, China; ⁴Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, China; ⁵China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing 100045, China).

Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 南繁育种基地的不同作物土壤的健康状况是影响种子繁育基地维持生产力的关键因素，土壤线虫是土壤生态系统的重要指示生物，其群落组成和多样性的变化可以反映土壤健康状况。为了解三亚南繁育种基地不同作物土壤生态环境状况，采集水稻、玉米、高粱、大豆、南瓜、辣椒、棉花和西瓜共8种作物的土壤样品，通过比较不同作物土壤线虫的生态指数变化，分析不同作物土壤线虫的群落结构特征和多样性差异。结果表明，南繁育种基地8种作物土壤线虫平均多度较少（43条·100 g^-1干土），共分离鉴定到25个属，辣椒土壤线虫的数量和属总数最多，西瓜最少。不同作物土壤线虫Shannon多样性指数差异显著，其中大豆土壤线虫的多样性指数最高，西瓜最低。不同作物土壤线虫中食细菌线虫和杂食/捕食线虫的相对丰度存在显著差异，西瓜和辣椒土壤中食细菌线虫相对丰度较高（分别为91.1%和80.2%），显著高于大豆和水稻（47.4%和31.7%）。水稻土壤中杂食/捕食线虫的相对丰度最高（27.3%），显著高于其他7种作物。植物寄生线虫中矮化属（Tylenchorhynchus）在8种作物土壤中均有分布，潜根属（Hirschmanniella）只在水稻土壤中发现。8种作物土壤有机质分解均主要依赖细菌途径。不同作物土壤自由生活线虫成熟度指数（MI）差异显著，其中水稻土壤MI值最高，显著高于其他作物，说明水稻土壤线虫群落结构更复杂、更成熟。不同作物土壤线虫富集指数（EI）差异不显著，结构指数（SI）差异显著，水稻土壤SI最高，表明其土壤环境未受到干扰，食物网处于结构化的状态，其他7种作物土壤环境受到胁迫，食物网退化。

关键词: 土壤线虫, 群落结构, 多样性指数, 成熟度指数, 线虫区系分析

Abstract: Soil health is a key factor affecting the productivity of plant breeding bases. Soil nematode is an important bioindicator of soil health, with the community composition and diversity of which can reflect soil health conditions. To understand the soil ecological environment of different crops in the Plant Breeding Base of Sanya, soil samples from eight crops including rice, corn, sorghum, soybean, pumpkin, pepper, cotton, and watermelon were collected. The soil nematode community structure characteristics under different crops were analyzed by comparing nematode ecological indices. The results showed that the average individual density of nematodes was relatively low (43 individuals·100 g^-1 dry soil) in eight crops, and total 25 genera were identified. The largest number of nematodes and genera was found in pepper and the least one in watermelon. The Shannon diversity index of soil nematode was significantly different among different crops, with the highest index in soybean and the lowest one in watermelon. There were significant differences in the relative abundance of bacterivores and omnivores/predators among different crops. The relative abundance of bacterivores in watermelon and pepper was significantly higher (91.1% and 80.2%, respectively) than that in soybean and rice (47.4% and 31.7%). The relative abundance of omnivores/predators in rice was the highest (27.3%), which was significantly higher than that of the other seven crops. Tylenchorhynchus (plant parasitic nematode) was found in soils of all eight crops, while Hirschmanniella was only found in rice soil. The decomposition of soil organic matter in eight crops mainly depended on bacterial pathway. There were significant differences in free-living nematode maturity index (MI) among different crops, and the MI value of rice soil was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of other crops, indicating that the nematode community structure of rice soil was more complex and mature. There were no differences in nematode enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI) among different crops. Rice soil had the highest SI, indicating that its soil environment was undisturbed and the food web was at a structured state. The soil environment of the other seven crops was stressed, with degraded food webs.

Key words: soil nematode, community structure, diversity index, maturity index, nematode faunal analysis

刘大伟, 焦莉苹, 翟俊峰, 葛建军, 陈井生, 王琪, 王旭. 三亚南繁育种基地不同作物土壤线虫群落组成及多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(2): 582-588.

LIU Dawei, JIAO Liping, ZHAI Junfeng, GE Jianjun, CHEN Jingsheng, WANG Qi5, WANG Xu. Soil nematode community composition and diversity under different crops in the Plant Breeding Base of Sanya.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(2): 582-588.

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三亚南繁育种基地不同作物土壤线虫群落组成及多样性

Soil nematode community composition and diversity under different crops in the Plant Breeding Base of Sanya.

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