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西南地区水稻灌溉需水量变化规律

符娜,刘小刚**,张岩,杨启良   

  1. (昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院, 昆明 650500)
  • 出版日期:2014-07-10 发布日期:2014-07-10

Variation pattern of rice irrigation water requirement in Southwest of China.

FU Na, LIU Xiao-gang**, ZHANG Yan, YANG Qi-liang   

  1. (Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China)
  • Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10

摘要:

研究作物需水变化规律是制订灌溉计划和水资源规划的重要依据。本文基于西南地区38个气象站点1951—2012年逐日气象观测资料,根据FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算水稻需水量,并分析了参考作物蒸散量分布及变化趋势、水稻生育期各阶段需水量变异性及灌溉需求指数分布。结果表明:近62年来西南地区参考作物蒸散量随时间变化不明显且随纬度增加而减少,各站点多年平均水稻生育期内参考作物蒸散量占到全年参考作物蒸散量的47.6%;对水稻生育期需水量分析发现,分蘖和抽穗阶段为水稻生长需水关键期,各阶段需水变化均为中等变异;西南地区水稻多年平均需水量、灌溉需水量和灌溉需求指数分别为304.5 mm、76.9 mm和0.24,需求指数分布自西向东呈逐渐增大,但均低于0.5,整体对灌溉依赖程度较低。
 

关键词: 群落结构, 降温效应, 城市森林

Abstract: Crop water requirement is an important basis for irrigation scheduling and water resources planning. Based on the daily meteorological data from 38 stations in Southwest of China during 1951-2012, the rice water requirement was estimated by using FAO Penman-Monteith equation, and the change of reference crop evapotranspiration trend was analyzed for rice. Meanwhile, the variation of rice water requirement in the growth period and the spatial distribution characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration and irrigation requirement index for rice in Southwest of China were analyzed. The results showed that in recent 62 years, the reference crop evapotranspiration in the southwest area changed insignificantly over time and decreased with-increasing the latitude, which in the growth period accounted for 47.6% of the yearly average value. The water requirements in different growth stages showed a moderate variability, and the tillering and heading stages were the critical period. In Southwest of China, the averages of rice water- requirement and irrigation water requirement were 304.5 mm and 76.9 mm per year, respectively. The rice irrigation requirement index was averaged as 0.24, and increased from the west to the east but was generally less than 0.5. As a result, the degree of dependence of rice on irrigation water requirement was low in the study area.

Key words: urban forest, cooling effect, community structure