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开垦对海北高寒草甸土壤有机碳的影响

李月梅1,3;曹广民1;王跃思2   

  1. 1中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810001;2中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029;3青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所, 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2005-11-10 修回日期:2006-03-17 出版日期:2006-08-10 发布日期:2006-08-10

Effects of reclamation on soil organic carbon in Haibei alpine meadow

LI Yuemei1,3; CAO Guangming1;WANG Yuesi2   

  1. 1Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China;2Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 3Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Xining 810016, China

  • Received:2005-11-10 Revised:2006-03-17 Online:2006-08-10 Published:2006-08-10

摘要: 在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区,选择高寒草甸开垦后形成的农田(种植春油菜)作为研究对象,开垦年限分别为0、10、20和30年,利用土壤有机碳密度分组法,对0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)及不同组分(轻组有机碳LFOC,重组有机碳HFOC)含量及随开垦年限变化关系进行了研究。结果表明,高寒草甸开垦后土壤有机碳及其组分的变化主要发生在0~10 cm土层,LFOC下降最快,其次为HFOC和SOC,至30年时分别下降了4863%、4397%、3764%。而0~40 cm土体内,SOC、LFOC和HFOC亦呈下降趋势,开垦30年,它们的下降速率分别为785.77、16.79和460.29 kg C·hm-2·yr-1。开垦将大大降低高寒草甸作为碳汇的功能,土壤碳库的总贮量由143 516.94 kg C·hm-2·yr-1下降至114 298.34 kg C·hm-2·yr-1,使其逆转为碳源。

关键词: 木本植物, 萌枝, 干扰, 驻留生态位

Abstract: With rapeseed fields having been reclaimed from alpine meadow for 0, 10, 20 and 30 years at the Haibei Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences as test objects, this paper studied the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions including light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) in 0~10, 10~20, 20~30 and 30~40 cm soil layers with reclamation duration. The results showed that after the alpine meadow reclaimed, the changes of SOC and its fractions mainly occurred in 0~10 cm soil layer, with LFOC decreased most rapidly and followed by HFOC and SOC. After the conversion from alpine meadow to cropland for 30 years, the SOC, LFOC and HFOC in 0~10 soil layer decreased by 37.64%, 48.63% and 43.97%, and their decrement in 0~40 cm soil layer was 785.77, 16.79 and 460.29 kg C·hm-2·yr-1, respectively. The storage of soil carbon pool was decreased from 143 516.94 to 114 298.34 kg C·hm-2·yr-1. Reclamation made alpine meadow as a carbon sink turn into a carbon source.

Key words: Woody plant, Sprouting, Disturbance, Persistence niche