近海沉积物有机氮的分子组成和矿化机理及其对环境变化的响应综述

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.035

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 2425-2437.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.035

近海沉积物有机氮的分子组成和矿化机理及其对环境变化的响应综述

杨佳^1,2,吴云超^1*,李进隆^1,2,李鹏举^1,2,江志坚^1,2,刘松林^1,2,黄小平^1,2

（¹中国科学院南海海洋研究所，中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室，广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室，广州 510301； ²中国科学院大学，北京 100049）

出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-16

Molecular composition and mineralization of sediment organic nitrogen in coastal area and their response to environmental changes: A review.

YANG Jia^1,2, WU Yunchao^1*, LI Jinlong^1,2, LI Pengju^1,2, JIANG Zhijian^1,2, LIU Songlin^1,2, HUANG Xiaoping^1,2

(¹Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).

Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 有机氮是近海沉积物中氮的主要存在形式之一，在元素生物地球化学循环过程中扮演着重要角色。沉积物有机氮的分子组成及矿化过程对近海富营养化和主要温室气体（如N₂O）的排放有着重要影响。本文对近海沉积物有机氮的分子组成、来源及矿化过程进行综述，并总结了其对环境变化（人类活动和气候变化）的响应。近海沉积物有机氮分子组成复杂，传统方法只能对其进行初步解析，无法获得其分子组成信息，追踪其转化过程，目前只对蛋白质和核酸代谢过程有所了解；超高分辨率质谱如FTICR-MS能为解析沉积物有机氮的分子组成提供技术支持；富营养化、升温和酸化等因素影响近海沉积物有机氮的矿化过程（矿化相关微生物群落），进而改变近海沉积物有机氮的特征（如分子组成和含量）。基于目前存在的不足，本文提出未来近海沉积物有机氮相关重点研究方向：（1）利用新技术新方法加强沉积物有机氮的分子组成和来源研究；（2）结合基因组学、转录组学等方法深入研究沉积物有机氮的矿化过程及路径；（3）探究人类活动和气候变化影响下，沉积物有机氮矿化过程的响应及其对主要温室气体（如N₂O）释放的影响。

关键词: 海洋沉积物, 有机氮, 分子组成, 矿化机理, 环境变化

Abstract: Organic nitrogen is one of the primary forms of nitrogen in coastal sediments, playing a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles. The molecular composition and mineralization processes of organic nitrogen in coastal sediments exert significant influences on coastal eutrophication and the emission of major greenhouse gases (such as N₂O). We systematically review the molecular composition, sources, and mineralization processes of organic nitrogen in coastal sediments, summarize their responses to environmental changes, including human activities and climate changes. The molecular composition of coastal sediment organic nitrogen is complex and challenging to characterize. Conventional methods offer only preliminary insights, as they fail to provide detailed molecular composition information or track transformation processes. Our understanding is primarily confined to the metabolic processes of proteins and nucleic acids. Advanced techniques, particularly FTICR-MS, provide critical technical support for unraveling the molecular composition of sediment organic nitrogen. Factors such as eutrophication, warming, and acidification affect the mineralization processes of coastal sediment organic nitrogen. They influence the microbial communities involved in mineralization, which alters the characteristics of coastal sediment organic nitrogen (e.g., molecular composition and content). Considering the knowledge gaps, we propose three directions for future research of coastal sediment organic nitrogen: (1) employing new technologies and methods to further decipher the molecular composition and sources of sediment organic nitrogen, (2) using genomics, transcriptomics, and other omics techniques to delve deeper into the mineralization processes and pathways of sediment organic nitrogen, (3) investigating how sediment organic nitrogen mineralization responds to human activities and climate change, with a particular focus on its impact on the emission of N-related greenhouse gases.

Key words: marine sediment, organic nitrogen, molecular composition, mechanism of mineralization, environmental change

杨佳, 吴云超, 李进隆, 李鹏举, 江志坚, 刘松林, 黄小平. 近海沉积物有机氮的分子组成和矿化机理及其对环境变化的响应综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(7): 2425-2437.

YANG Jia, WU Yunchao, LI Jinlong, LI Pengju, JIANG Zhijian, LIU Songlin, HUANG Xiaoping. Molecular composition and mineralization of sediment organic nitrogen in coastal area and their response to environmental changes: A review.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(7): 2425-2437.

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近海沉积物有机氮的分子组成和矿化机理及其对环境变化的响应综述

Molecular composition and mineralization of sediment organic nitrogen in coastal area and their response to environmental changes: A review.

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