滇中阳宗海流域过去1200年以来的环境变化

生态学杂志

滇中阳宗海流域过去1200年以来的环境变化

余晓珊^1,2,蒙红卫^1*,黄林培¹,孙启发¹,王敏^1,3,张虎才^1,4,沈才明¹

（¹云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院，云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室，昆明 650500； ²中国科学院青藏高原研究所，高山生态与生物地理重点实验室，北京 100101； ³云南大学云南省古生物研究重点实验室，地球系统科学研究中心，昆明 650500； ⁴云南大学高原湖泊生态与治理研究院，昆明 650500）

出版日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-10

Environmental changes over the past 1200 years in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake, Central Yunnan.

YU Xiao-shan^1,2, MENG Hong-wei^1*, HUANG Lin-pei¹, SUN Qi-fa¹, WANG Min^1,3, ZHANG Hu-cai^1,4, SHEN Cai-ming¹

(¹Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Changes, School of Tourism and Geographical Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; ²Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biogeography, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; ³Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; ⁴Institute of Plateau Lake Ecology and Management, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China).

Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据滇中阳宗海78 cm沉积岩芯的花粉/炭屑分析，重建了阳宗海流域过去1200年的植被演替、气候变化和森林火灾史。岩芯年代框架的建立基于底部一个植物残体的AMS ¹⁴C测年和上部的²¹⁰Pb测年。结果表明：1) 阳宗海流域过去1200年的植被变化经历了4个阶段：暖干期（780—1630 AD）的植被以松栎混交林为主，草本植物少；凉湿期（1630—1860 AD）的植被仍以松栎混交林为主，但比重有所减少并存在明显波动，草本植物显著增加；冷干期（1860—1950 AD）和随后的暖干期（1950 AD之后）受人类活动干扰强烈，人类活动可能已成为影响植被的主导性因素。2）1200年以来，阳宗海流域气候变化存在明显的暖期（780—1630 AD）和冷期（1630—1950 AD），分别对应了中世纪暖期和小冰期，且水热条件配置呈现暖干冷湿的模式，与滇西天才湖、洱海和青藏高原东部等邻近区域较为同步。整个暖期气温波动不大，仅在最暖的12世纪中期到15世纪中期温度表现出较大的波动，小冰期存在两个气候波动阶段，分别是1630—1860 AD凉湿期和1860—1950 AD的冷干期。阳宗海流域气候变化的主导因素是太阳辐射强度，区域和全球性的海气耦合机制也是重要因素之一。3）1200年以来，阳宗海流域火灾频次呈现逐渐增高的趋势，与人口增长和人类活动不断增强呈现一致趋势，表明人类活动逐渐成为环境变化的重要驱动力之一。

关键词: 作物生长, 根系, 基因调控, 生物炭与化肥混施, 生物炭, 互作增效

Abstract: We carried out pollen/charcoal analyses on sediments of a 78cm core from Yangzonghai Lake to study vegetation succession, climatic change, and forest fire history over the past 1200 years in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake, central Yunnan. The age-depth framework was established using an AMS ¹⁴C dating of plant remnants at the bottom and ²¹⁰Pb dating at the top. The results showed that: (1) There were four stages of vegetation changes in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake over the past 1200: the first one was a warm and dry stage (780-1630 AD), when vegetation was dominated by mixed forest of pine and oak with few herbs; the second stage was a cool and wet stage (1630-1860 AD), when vegetation was still dominated the mixed forests of pine and oak, but with a decrease in the forest proportion and substantial fluctuations, and with a significant increase in herb proportion; it was followed by a cold and dry stage (1860-1950 AD) and the subsequent a warm and dry stage (after 1950 AD), when vegetation was strongly disturbed by human activities, which may have become the dominant factor driving vegetation. (2) Across the past 1200 years, a warm period (780-1630 AD) and a cold period (1630-1950 AD), corresponding to Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age respectively, occurred in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake. Moreover, the hydrothermal conditions showed a pattern of warm dry and coldwet, which occurred almost synchronously in the adjacent areas such as Tiancai Lake and Erhai Lake in northwest Yunnan and eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. During the whole warm period, temperature was stable with a little bit more fluctuation in the warmest stage from the middle of the 12th century to the middle of the 15th century. Climate during the Little Ice Age showed two periods, namely a cool-wet period from 1630 to 1860 AD and cold-dry period from 1860 to 1950 AD. The dominant forcing of climate change over the past 1200 years in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake was solar forcing associated with regional and global ocean atmosphere coupling. (3) Forest fire increased gradually over the past 1200 years in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake, a trend consistent with population growth and human activities, indicating that human activities have gradually become one of the dominant driving forces of environmental change.

Key words: gene regulation, crop growth, combined application of biochar and fertilizer, biochar, synergistic effects., roots

余晓珊,蒙红卫,黄林培,孙启发,王敏,张虎才,沈才明. 滇中阳宗海流域过去1200年以来的环境变化[J]. 生态学杂志.

YU Xiao-shan, MENG Hong-wei, HUANG Lin-pei, SUN Qi-fa, WANG Min, ZHANG Hu-cai, SHEN Cai-ming. Environmental changes over the past 1200 years in the catchment of Yangzonghai Lake, Central Yunnan.[J]. cje.

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