不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对灰钙土土壤理化性状、酶活性及玉米产量的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202503.003

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 903-911.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202503.003

不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对灰钙土土壤理化性状、酶活性及玉米产量的影响

温美娟,杨思存^*,王成宝,霍琳

（甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所/国家农业科学白银观测实验站/国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心白银试验站，兰州 730070）

出版日期:2025-03-10 发布日期:2025-06-10

Effects of different tillage and straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities in sierozem, and maize yield.

WEN Meijuan, YANG Sicun^*, WANG Chengbao, HUO Lin

(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Baiyin National Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agriculture/Baiyin Experimental Station of National Technological Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land, Lanzhou 730070, China).

Online:2025-03-10 Published:2025-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2017—2021年在甘肃引黄灌区灰钙土上进行田间试验，设置旋耕（RT）、旋耕秸秆还田（RTS）、深松（ST）、深松秸秆还田（STS）四种耕作和秸秆还田方式处理，研究其对0～40 cm土层土壤理化学性状、土壤胞外酶活性及玉米产量的影响。结果表明：2017—2021年，ST和STS处理显著提高了玉米产量，其中STS处理产量最高，其次为ST处理，二者显著高于RT和RTS；相对于RT、RTS处理，ST和STS可显著降低20～40 cm土层土壤容重（BD）和紧实度，以及0～40 cm土层pH和电导率（EC），且STS降低最显著；STS显著提高了0～40 cm土壤含水量（SWC）、土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、碱解氮（AHN）和有效磷（AP）；0～20 cm土层，土壤微生物量均以RTS、ST和STS较高，其中STS微生物量碳（MBC）和微生物量氮（MBN）最高，且STS和RTS显著提高了土壤微生物墒，20～40 cm土层，相对于RT处理，STS显著提高了MBC和MBN，RTS显著提高了MBN；0～20 cm土层，相对于RT处理，ST、RTS和STS均显著提高了β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）和纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）活性，且STS显著提高了β-1,4-木糖苷酶（BXYL）活性、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）活性和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性，而RTS显著提高了NAG活性，20～40 cm土层，相对于RT处理，STS显著提高了BG、BXYL、CBH、NAG、AKP活性，RTS显著提高了BG活性，ST显著提高BXYL活性；相关分析显示，0～40 cm土层MBC、MBN、SOC、TN、AHN、AP、SWC、BD、EC与各类胞外酶活性存在显著或极显著相关性；冗余分析表明，MBC和SOC是影响土壤酶活性的主要环境因子，其次为MBN和pH。综上所述，深松秸秆还田是改善灰钙土土壤物理性状、增加土壤肥力、提高土壤微生物量和酶活性、促进玉米增产的最优耕作措施。

关键词: 深松, 秸秆还田, 土壤微生物量, 土壤酶活性, 土壤理化性状

Abstract: A field experiment with four treatments was conducted in sierozem of the Gansu Yellow River irrigation area in 2017-2021, including conventional rotary tillage (RT), rotary tillage with maize straw returning (RTS), subsoil tillage (ST), subsoil tillage with maize straw returning (STS). After harvesting maize in 2017-2021, topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-40 cm) samples were collected. Soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil extracellular enzyme activities involved in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, and maize yield were measured. The results showed that compared with RT and RTS, ST and STS significantly increased maize yields, with the highest yields in STS. ST and STS significantly reduced soil bulk density and soil compaction of 20-40 cm soil layer, pH and EC of 0-40 cm soil layer, with the lowest in STS. Compared with RT, STS significantly increased SWC, SOC, TN, AHN, and AP in 0-40 cm soil layer. RTS, ST and STS significantly increased MBC and MBN in 0-20 cm soil layer, with the highest in STS. STS and RTS significantly increased MBC/SOC. In 20-40 cm soil layer, STS significantly increased MBC and MBN, and RTS significantly increased MBN. In 0-20 cm soil layer, ST, RTS and STS significantly increased the activity of BG and CBH, and STS significantly increased the activity of BXYL, NAG and AKP, while RTS significantly increased the activity of NAG. In 20-40 cm soil layer, STS increased the activity of BG, BXYL, CBH, NAG and AKP, RTS increased the activity of BG, and ST increased the activity of BXYL. Correlation analysis showed that, in 0-40 cm soil layer, MBC, MBN, SOC, TN, AHN, AP, SWC, BD, and EC showed significant or extremely significant correlation with the activities of various extracellular enzymes. Redundancy analysis showed that MBC and SOC were the main factors affecting soil enzyme activities, followed by MBN and pH. In conclusion, subsoil tillage with straw returning is the best tillage mode to improve soil physical properties, increase soil fertility, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, and thus enhance corn yield.

Key words: subsoil tillage, straw returning, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity, soil physicochemical property

温美娟, 杨思存, 王成宝, 霍琳. 不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对灰钙土土壤理化性状、酶活性及玉米产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(3): 903-911.

WEN Meijuan, YANG Sicun, WANG Chengbao, HUO Lin. Effects of different tillage and straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities in sierozem, and maize yield.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(3): 903-911.

[1]	孙云云, 窦金刚, 刘方明, 高玉山, 侯中华, 范围, 刘慧涛. 秸秆还田方式对盐碱旱田土壤团聚体有机碳组分的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(4): 1144-1151.
[2]	付瑞桐, 李德军, 胡培雷, 段鹏鹏, 张玉玲. 岩性对森林土壤有机碳矿化的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(4): 1000-1007.
[3]	张国微, 薛建辉, 马洁, 王翰琨. 喀斯特退化山地不同类型人工林土壤养分与酶活性 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(3): 616-622.
[4]	张斌, 吕玉峰, 李利, 冯美臣, 王超, 宋晓彦, 杨武德, 张美俊. 丛枝菌根真菌接种与磷添加对干旱胁迫燕麦土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(3): 644-655.
[5]	李义林, 李坤, 李建查, 潘志贤, 史亮涛, 刘小刚, 方海东, 岳学文. 有机肥和套种对干热区火龙果土壤微生物特性和产量、品质的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(3): 656-664.
[6]	宋春燕, 李玉娥, 万运帆, 秦晓波, 张欣禹, 朱波, 胡严炎, 王斌. 节水减氮和品种管理对双季稻CH₄的减排效果 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(3): 724-732.
[7]	洪文君, 王炳宇, 曾德华, 黄永平, 刘俊. 极小种群野生植物蕉木分布区土壤养分特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(12): 3580-3586.
[8]	隋鹏祥, 廉宏利, 王峥宇, 姜英, 齐华, 罗洋, 郑金玉. 旋耕和秸秆还田方式对棕壤微生物群落特征的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(9): 2049-2060.
[9]	李炳怡, 刘冠宏, 顾泽, 刘晓东, 舒立福. 火干扰对油松林土壤细菌群落的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(6): 1355-1364.
[10]	何婉莹, 谷思玉, 谷邵臣, 车延静, 王紫颖, 袁望博, 杨佳宇. 深翻-旋耕轮耕与有机肥配施对农田黑土团聚体内酶活性的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(5): 1090-1098.
[11]	宋鹏, 杨振中, 万祖梁, 王鑫彤, 张文忠, 王国骄. 水稻秸秆秋季湿耙还田对土壤酶活性和养分的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(3): 569-576.
[12]	赵婧, 段磊磊, 王铭, 王升忠, 陈聪, 李鸿凯, 李兴丽. 水文管理措施对长白山区恢复泥炭地土壤酶活性的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(5): 948-954.
[13]	闫本帅, 孙利鹏, 李晶晶, 高利强, 乔占国, 高小峰, 吴春晓, 王国梁. 辽东栎林次生演替过程中土壤酶化学计量特征变化 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(4): 641-647.
[14]	邱琛, 韩晓增, 陆欣春, 陈旭, 严君, 冯玉钿, 邹文秀. 玉米秸秆还田对黑土微生物群落功能多样性的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(2): 287-293.
[15]	董姝含, 吕慧捷, 周锋, 张效琛, 何红波, 张旭东, 张威. 玉米土壤有机氮组分的生长季动态变化及其对当季和长期秸秆还田的响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(1): 73-80.

不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对灰钙土土壤理化性状、酶活性及玉米产量的影响

Effects of different tillage and straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities in sierozem, and maize yield.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价