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生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 3316-3329.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202510.016

• 湿地生态学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同改良剂对黄河泥沙理化性质及酶活性的影响

廖明季1,2,5，刘宝勇1*，何星星2,3，王东丽1，全美丽4，万勇2,3   

  1. （1辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院， 辽宁阜新 123000； 2中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所， 岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室， 武汉 430071； 3湖北省固体废弃物安全处置与生态高值化利用工程技术研究中心， 武汉 430071； 4乌海市科技创新研究中心， 内蒙古乌海 016000； 5葫芦岛市生态环境保障服务中心， 辽宁葫芦岛 125003）

  • 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-11

Effects of different ameliorants on physicochemical properties and enzyme activity of Yellow River sediments. 

LIAO Mingji1,2,5, LIU Baoyong1*, HE Xingxing2,3, WANG Dongli1, QUAN Meili4, WAN Yong2,3   

  1. (1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics and Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; 3Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Safety Treatment and Ecological High-value of MSW, Wuhan 430071, China; 4Wuhai Science and Technology Innovation Research Center, Wuhai 016000, Inner Mongolia, China; 5Huludao City Ecological Environment Security Service Center, Huludao 125003, Liaoning, China).

  • Online:2025-10-10 Published:2025-10-11

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摘要： 为探索黄河泥沙资源化利用潜力并阐明其理化与生物特性对改良措施的响应，本研究以黄河流域内蒙古段乌海湖清淤泥沙为对象，玉米为种植作物，开展田间定位试验。试验设置单一黄河泥沙、单施肥料、施加微生物菌剂、施加生物炭（稻壳炭/小麦秸秆炭）、微生物菌剂配施生物炭、微生物菌剂配施生物炭并用疏水沙覆盖处理，于玉米种植前、苗期、拔节期、成熟期采集玉米根际土壤样品，测定土壤水分、养分含量和酶活性，并进行Pearson相关性分析和PCA分析。结果表明，稻壳炭和秸秆炭均可提高土壤水分、养分含量及酶活性，改善效果随掺量（0.5%～4%）增加而增强，且稻壳炭优于秸秆炭。与单施肥料（F）相比，施用稻壳炭（掺量0.5%～4%）使土壤含水率在4个采样期分别提高1.7%～5.5%、0.3%～5.0%、0.9%～4.4%、0.4%～3.4%，有机质含量分别提升14.0%～156.1%、18.7%～159.7%、26.0%～178.6%、19.2%～168.9%。适量（0.5%）生物炭显著提升4种酶活性（稻壳炭效果更优），但掺量增至2%时提升效果减弱。较施生物炭，微生物菌剂配施生物炭降低了土壤pH值，提高了含水率、铵态氮、有效磷、有机质含量；疏水沙覆盖显著提高了土壤含水率、有效磷、有机质含量，但降低了pH值、电导率、铵态氮、速效钾含量。Pearson相关性与PCA分析表明，土壤理化性质改善和养分含量提高有利于增强酶活性，但在成熟期，过高的pH值会抑制过氧化氢酶活性。因此，应用生物炭，特别是微生物菌剂配施生物炭处理，能有效提升黄河泥沙的养分含量和酶活性，是改良其质量并促进资源化利用的有效途径。


关键词: 生物炭, 微生物菌剂, 疏水沙, 黄河泥沙, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: To explore the potential for the resource utilization of sediment in the Yellow River and to clarify the physical, chemical and biological responses to improvement measures, we conducted a field experiment with dredged sediment from Wuhai Lake in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin as the research object and maize as the planting crop. The treatments included sediment application, fertilizer application, growth-promoting bacteria application, biochar (rice husk biochar/wheat straw biochar) application, application of microbial agent combined with biochar, and application of microbial agent combined with biochar and covered with hydrophobic sand. Soil samples of the rhizosphere of maize were collected at the pre-planting, seedling, jointing, and maturity stages. Soil moisture, nutrient content and enzyme activity were measured. The results showed that the application of rice husk biochar and wheat straw biochar could improve soil moisture and nutrient content. The improvement effect increased with the increases of dosage (0.5%-4%), and rice husk biochar was superior to wheat straw biochar. Compared with the single application of fertilizers (F), the application of rice husk biochar (with a dosage of 0.5%-4%) increased soil water content by 1.7%-5.5%, 0.3%-5.0%, 0.9%-4.4%, and 0.4%-3.4%, and increased soil organic matter content by 14.0%-156.1%, 18.7%-159.7%, 26.0%-178.6%, and 19.2%-168.9% in the four sampling periods, respectively. An appropriate amount (0.5%) of biochar application significantly enhanced the activities of four enzymes (with rice husk biochar having a better effect), but the enhancement effect was weakened when the dosage increased to 2%. Compared with the application of biochar, the application of microbial agent combined with biochar decreased soil pH, but increased water content, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter contents. The hydrophobic sand cover increased the water content, available phosphorus, and organic matter content, but decreased soil pH, conductivity, ammonium nitrogen, and available potassium content. The Pearson correlation analysis and principal components analysis revealed that the improvement of soil physicochemical properties and the increase of nutrient content were conducive to improving enzyme activities, but high soil pH during the maturity stage would inhibit the catalase activity. Therefore, the application of biochar, especially microbial agent combined with biochar treatment, can effectively improve nutrient content and enzyme activity of the sediment, which is an effective way to improve its quality and promote resource utilization.


Key words: biochar, bacteria agent, hydrophobic sand, Yellow River sediment, soil nutrient, soil enzyme activity

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