欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 2304-2311.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.020

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省老爷岭南部狗獾种群现状及栖息地适宜性评价

田新民1,王鑫雪1,郭文亮2,汲旭阳1,周绍春3,张子栋3,刘磊4,孟訾靖1,齐琦3,陈红3*   

  1. 1牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院, 黑龙江牡丹江 157011; 2黑龙江老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区, 黑龙江绥阳 157212; 3黑龙江省野生动物研究所, 哈尔滨 150081; 4东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院, 哈尔滨 150040)

  • 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-14

Population status and habitat suitability evaluation of badger (Meles meles) in southern Laoyeling, Heilongjiang Province.

TIAN Xinmin1, WANG Xinxue1, GUO Wenliang2, JI Xuyang1, ZHOU Shaochun3, ZHANG Zidong3, LIU Lei4, MENG Zijing1, QI Qi3, CHEN Hong3*   

  1. (1College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China; 2Heilongjiang Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve, Suiyang 157212, Heilongjiang, China; 3Wildlife Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China; 4College of Wildlife and Nature Reserves, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China).

  • Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-14

摘要: 掌握种群现状及适宜栖息地分布情况是生物多样性保护的基础和重要内容之一。为了解我国生物多样性保护关键区域黑龙江省老爷岭南部狗獾(Meles meles)种群现状和栖息地适宜性,本研究于2021—2022年冬季积雪覆盖期采用大样方调查收集狗獾洞穴信息,结合相机监测获得的狗獾影像数据综合分析其种群密度、数量及分布状况,并利用其出现位点采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型对其栖息地适宜性进行评价。结果表明:老爷岭南部狗獾种群密度为0.37±0.03只·km-2,其中老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区狗獾种群密度为0.64±0.05只·km-2,穆棱东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区狗獾种群密度为0.42±0.03只·km-2,保护区外狗獾种群密度为0.23±0.02只·km-2,主要分布在寒葱河、柳桥沟林区,研究区域种群数量为1263~1483只;影响狗獾栖息地适宜性的主要环境变量为林间小道(30.9%)、居民区(21.5%)、常绿针叶林(10.7%)、农田(10.3%)、河流(6.1%)和草地(5.4%);狗獾适宜栖息地面积为395.06 km2,占研究区域总面积的10.5%,现有自然保护区覆盖了狗獾32.7%的适宜栖息地,仍有265.82 km2需要保护。综合分析狗獾种群现状及栖息地适宜性分布的影响因素认为,人为干扰因子对老爷岭南部狗獾栖息地适宜性影响较大,且主要集中在保护区外。基于此,建议限制保护区外太平川、万宝湾、双宁等地区的偷猎盗猎、资源采伐等人类活动,并对保护区内的暖泉河、中股流、和平等地区加强保护。


关键词: 狗獾, 种群现状, 栖息地适宜性, 最大熵模型

Abstract: Understanding population status and habitat distribution is a fundamental aspect in biodiversity conservation. Laoyeling Mountains is considered a biodiversity hotspot in Heilongjiang Province. To determine the population status and habitat suitability of badgers (Meles meles) in this area, we collected photo, burrow, and footprint data by conducting large-plot surveys during the snow cover season, as well as camera trapping from 2021 to 2022. We analyzed population density, population size, and distribution within and outside the protected areas. Then, we evaluated the habitat suitability for this species based on occurrence datasets using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. The overall population density of badgers was 0.37±0.03 individuals·km-2. Population densities were higher in protected areas, with 0.64±0.05 individuals·km-2 in Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve and 0.42±0.03 individuals·km-2 in Muling Japanese Yew National Nature Reserve, compared with a density of 0.23±0.02 individuals·km-2 in the forest areas of Hanconghe and Liuqiaogou outside the reserves. The total population size was 1263-1483 individuals. The main environmental variables, including forest trails (30.9%), residential areas (21.5%), evergreen coniferous forests (10.7%), croplands (10.3%), rivers (6.1%), and grasslands (5.4%), had significant effects on the habitat suitability of badgers. The area of suitable habitat for M. meles was 395.06 km2, accounting for 10.5% of the total area. 32.7% of the suitable habitats of the badger were within nature conservation network. A total of 265.82 km2 suitable area need to be protected. To summarize, human disturbance had a considerable effect on habitat suitability of M. meles, mainly outside the reserves. Therefore, it is recommended to inhibit human activities such as poaching and resource harvesting in Taipingchuan, Wanbaowan, and Shuangning forest areas outside the reserves, and to strengthen the protection of the Nuanquan River, Zhongguliu, and Heping forest areas in the reserves.


Key words: badger (Meles meles), population status, habitat suitability, MaxEnt model