基于MaxEnt模型的仙居县大型兽类和珍稀鸟类栖息地适宜性评价

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202311.011

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 2797-2805.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202311.011

基于MaxEnt模型的仙居县大型兽类和珍稀鸟类栖息地适宜性评价

吕环鑫¹,夏少霞^2*,顾婧婧³,苏常红^1*,王春晓^2,4,崔鹏⁵

（¹天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院，天津 300387； ²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101； ³仙居国家公园管理委员会，浙江台州 317300； ⁴中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100190； ⁵生态环境部南京环境科学研究所，南京 210042）

出版日期:2023-11-10 发布日期:2023-10-31

Habitat suitability assessment of large mammals and rare birds in Xianju County based on MaxEnt modeling.

LYU Huanxin¹, XIA Shaoxia^2*, GU Jingjing³, SU Changhong^1*, WANG Chunxiao^2,4, CUI Peng⁵

(¹College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; ²Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; ³Xianju National Park Management Committee, Taizhou 317300, Zhejiang, China; ⁴College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; ⁵Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China).

Online:2023-11-10 Published:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 栖息地适宜性评估及关键影响因素的确定对开展物种及其栖息地保护和管理至关重要，是进行生物多样性保护规划的前提和基础。本研究以国家公园试点仙居县为研究区，基于大型兽类及珍稀鸟类物种调查数据，采用MaxEnt模型确定了其关键栖息地分布，并分析了不同环境变量对栖息地适宜性的影响。将评估结果与现有的保护地进行叠加分析，确定了生物多样性的保护空缺，进而提出了区域生物多样性保护的建议。结果表明：13个物种的平均AUC值为0.956，表明MaxEnt模型的预测结果具有较高的可信度；人口密度、最湿季均温、土地利用类型是兽类分布的主要影响因素，气温年较差与最湿季均温是影响雉科鸟类分布的主要因素，而影响湿地水鸟适宜性分布的主要因素为海拔及坡度；从栖息地分布来看，兽类与雉科鸟类适宜区主要位于仙居县南部的括苍山系周围，湿地水鸟适宜区位于永安溪附近，呈现沿水系分布的格局；仙居国家公园试点区及4个自然保护小区面积为316.80 km²，兽类、雉科鸟类和湿地水鸟分别有160.37、178.67和422.65 km²适宜栖息地未能得到保护，存在一定的保护空缺。建议结合仙居国家公园试点区建设，加强仙居县生物多样性保护，为区域可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 兽类, 鸟类, 栖息地适宜性, 仙居县, MaxEnt模型

Abstract: Assessment of habitat suitability and identification of the driving factors are crucial to the protection and management of species and their habitats, and also are the premise and basis for biodiversity conservation planning. In this study, the distribution of key habitats and their suitability in Xianju National Park pilot area of Xianju County were evaluated using a MaxEnt model based on species occurrence data for large mammals and rare birds sourced from field investigations. Furthermore, the main driving factors and their contributions to habitat suitability were analyzed. The conservation gaps were identified by overlaying these variables on current distribution of protected areas. Finally, suggestions for future regional biodiversity protection and planning are proposed. The results showed that mean value of the area under the curve (AUC) for the 13 target species was 0.956, indicating that the outcome of the MaxEnt model used in this study was reliable. Human population density, mean temperature in the wettest quarter, and land use types were the main factors affecting habitat suitability for mammals. The annual temperature range and mean temperature of the wettest quarter were the main factors affecting the distribution of pheasants, while altitude and slope were the main factors affecting the distribution of suitable areas for wetland birds. In terms of habitat distribution, suitable areas for mammals and pheasants were mainly located around Kuocang Mountain in the south of Xianju County, while suitable areas for wetland birds were located near the Yong’an River. Currently, the protected areas in Xianju County are 316.80 km², while the suitable habitats located outside the existing protected areas are 160.37 km² for mammals, 178.67 km² for pheasants, and 422.65 km² for wetland birds, indicating some conservation gaps within the current protected system. We suggest the strengthening of biodiversity protection in Xianju County in conjunction with the construction of the Xianju National Park pilot area, which can provide a theoretical basis and best practice guidelines for regional sustainable development.

Key words: mammals, birds, habitat suitability, Xianju County, MaxEnt model.

吕环鑫, 夏少霞, 顾婧婧, 苏常红, 王春晓, 崔鹏. 基于MaxEnt模型的仙居县大型兽类和珍稀鸟类栖息地适宜性评价[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(11): 2797-2805.

LYU Huanxin, XIA Shaoxia, GU Jingjing, SU Changhong, WANG Chunxiao, CUI Peng. Habitat suitability assessment of large mammals and rare birds in Xianju County based on MaxEnt modeling.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(11): 2797-2805.

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基于MaxEnt模型的仙居县大型兽类和珍稀鸟类栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat suitability assessment of large mammals and rare birds in Xianju County based on MaxEnt modeling.

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