基于景观破碎化的西南自然保护区生境保护成效分析

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202202.019

生态学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 569-579.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202202.019

基于景观破碎化的西南自然保护区生境保护成效分析

冷仙^1,2,曾源³,周键²,杨飞龄²,叶锦²,张纪²,武瑞东^2*

(¹云南大学生态与环境学院，昆明 650500；²云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院，保护生物地理学研究组，昆明 650091；³中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，遥感科学国家重点实验室，北京 100101）

出版日期:2022-03-10 发布日期:2022-03-11

Analysis on habitat protection effectiveness of nature reserves based on landscape fragmentation in Southwest China.

LENG Xian^1,2, ZENG Yuan³, ZHOU Jian², YANG Fei-ling², YE Jin², ZHANG Ji², WU Rui-dong^2*

(¹School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; ²Conservation Biogeography Research Group, Institute of International Rivers and EcoSecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; ³State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China).

Online:2022-03-10 Published:2022-03-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人类活动导致的景观破碎化是加速全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因子，亦是保护区面临的主要威胁，但从区域尺度上开展的有关自然保护区在阻止景观破碎化方面的有效性研究还很有限。本文基于1990、2000、2010和2015年4期土地覆被数据，通过计算景观破碎度指数，量化分析我国西南102个自然保护区在阻止景观破碎化方面的有效性，并对比不同管理级别、建成时间和类型的自然保护区组间的成效差异；同时，计算各自然保护区内人类干扰指数，以揭示人类干扰对景观破碎化的影响程度。结果表明：（1）近25年间，景观破碎化减小的保护区数量多于加剧的数量，体现了一定的生境保护有效性，但总体平均景观破碎度呈上升趋势，说明部分保护区保护生境完整性的能力较差；（2）4种类型保护区的生境保护成效无显著差异；但管理级别和建成时间对其有一定影响，2000年以前，表现为省级优于国家级、1981—1990年优于1958—1980年所建保护区（P<0.01），2000年以后，国家级与省级、1981—1990年与1958—1980年所建保护区保护成效逐渐趋同（P>0.05）；（3）人类干扰与景观破碎度的关系具有时段差异性，1990—2000年，两者没有显著相关性，保护区表现出较强的抵消人类干扰的作用；2000—2010年，两者极显著相关，人类干扰很可能是景观破碎化加剧的主导因素；2010—2015年，两者相关性不再显著。而对于人类干扰减小但景观破碎化加剧的保护区，还需考虑自然干扰因素的影响。

关键词: 自然保护区, 景观破碎化, 生境保护成效, 人类干扰, 西南地区

Abstract: Humancaused landscape fragmentation is a primary driving force for global biodiversity loss, and a major threat to nature reserves (NRs). However, studies on the effectiveness of NRs in preventing landscape fragmentation are still limited. Based on four phases of land cover data in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 in Southwest China, we constructed a landscape index to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of 102 NRs in the region in preventing landscape fragmentation. We assessed the impacts of different administrative levels, establishing years and categories of NRs on conservation effectiveness. Finally, we established a human disturbance index in each NR to reveal the impacts of human disturbances on landscape fragmentation. The results showed that: (1) During the past 25 years, the number of NRs with decreased fragmentation was greater than that with increased fragmentation, indicating that NRs were effective in habitat conservation. However, the overall increasing trend of average fragmentation showed that some NRs had lower ability on protecting habitat intactness; (2) There were no significant differences in the conservation effectiveness of four categories of NRs. The administrative levels and their establishing years influenced the effectiveness of these NRs. Before 2000, the effectiveness of provincial NRs and NRs established in 1981-1990 was better than that of national NRs and NRs established in 1958-1980 (P<0.01), respectively. After 2000, the effectiveness between NRs at different levels and established in different years was similar (P>0.05); (3) The relationship between human disturbance index and landscape fragmentation varied in different periods. From 1990 to 2000, there was no significant correlation between them, and NRs demonstrated a strong effect of offsetting human disturbances. From 2000 to 2010, there was a significant correlation between them, and human disturbances were probably the dominant factor increasing landscape fragmentation. From 2010 to 2015, the correlation was no longer significant. It is noteworthy that the influence of natural disturbances should be considered for those NRs with decreased human disturbance index but increased landscape fragmentation.

Key words: nature reserve, landscape fragmentation, habitat protection effectiveness, human disturbance, Southwest China.

冷仙, 曾源, 周键, 杨飞龄, 叶锦, 张纪, 武瑞东. 基于景观破碎化的西南自然保护区生境保护成效分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(3): 569-579.

LENG Xian, ZENG Yuan, ZHOU Jian, YANG Fei-ling, YE Jin, ZHANG Ji, WU Rui-dong. Analysis on habitat protection effectiveness of nature reserves based on landscape fragmentation in Southwest China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(3): 569-579.

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基于景观破碎化的西南自然保护区生境保护成效分析

Analysis on habitat protection effectiveness of nature reserves based on landscape fragmentation in Southwest China.

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