长白山自然保护区高海拔云冷杉林净初级生产力时空格局及其驱动因子

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202111.013

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 3483-3492.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202111.013

长白山自然保护区高海拔云冷杉林净初级生产力时空格局及其驱动因子

张月^1,2,袁泉^1,2,房磊¹,韩艳刚^1,2,朱琪^1,2,齐麟³,周旺明¹,周莉¹,于大炮^1*

（¹中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室（沈阳应用生态研究所），沈阳 110016； ²中国科学院大学，北京 100049；³沈阳大学生物入侵研究中心，沈阳 110016）

出版日期:2021-11-10 发布日期:2022-05-10

Spatiotemporal variation of net primary productivity of spruce-fir forest at high altitudes and the driving forces in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.

ZHANG Yue^1,2, YUAN Quan^1,2, FANG Lei¹, HAN Yan-gang^1,2, ZHU Qi^1,2, QI Lin³, ZHOU Wang-ming¹, ZHOU Li¹, YU Da-pao^1*

(¹CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, ³Biological Invasion Research Center, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110016, China).

Online:2021-11-10 Published:2022-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长白山自然保护区高海拔（1400 m以上）分布的云冷杉林出现生长衰退和大量枯死现象，但衰退格局的驱动机制尚不明确。本研究基于Landsat数据，利用CASA模型计算了长白山自然保护区高海拔云冷杉林1994—2019年的净初级生产力（NPP），分析了其时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）长白山保护区内云冷杉林NPP在111.96～182.19 g C·m^-2·a^-1，平均为141.85（g C·m^-2·a^-1。云冷杉林NPP的最大值和最小值分别出现在1996年（182.19 g C·m^-2·a^-1）和2018年（111.96 g C·m^-2·a^-1）。研究期间，3.08%的区域云冷林NPP显著增加，3.36%的区域显著减少；（2）云冷杉林NPP与海拔、坡度呈负相关，不同坡向上分布差异不大。在海拔1600～1650 m范围内NPP变化率接近于0，较低和较高海拔区域NPP变化呈减小趋势；在坡度0～10°时云冷杉NPP减小最明显，随坡度增加NPP变化趋势变小，在阴坡和半阴坡NPP生长呈下降趋势，而在阳坡和半阳坡趋于稳定。（3）云冷杉林NPP与降水呈显著正相关，而与温度相关性不显著；NPP减少与保护区内的旅游活动有一定的关系。本研究表明，高海拔云冷杉林不存在一致的、大面积的衰退，其NPP的变化主要受立地因子、降水变化及人类活动的影响。

关键词: 净初级生产力, 云冷杉林, 时空格局, 驱动因子, 长白山自然保护区

Abstract: Spruce-fir forests at their upper distribution (above 1400 m) in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve showed growth decline and die-off, but the decline pattern and underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, based on Landsat data from 1994 to 2019, we calculated the net primary productivity (NPP) by CASA model and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of NPP in sprucefir forests at their upper distribution in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve. Results showed that: (1) NPP of spruce-fir forest varied within 111.96-182.19 g C·m^-2·a^-1, with a mean value of 141.85 g C·m^-2·a^-1. From 1994 to 2019,the maximum and minimum NPP in spruce-fir forest occurred in 1996 (182.19 g C·m^-2·a^-1) and 2018 (111.96g C·m^-2·a^-1), respectively. (2)^The NPP of spruce-fir forest was negatively correlated with elevation and slope, and there was no significant difference in its distribution among different aspects. In the range of 1600-1650 m, the change rate of NPP was close to zero, while NPP at lower and higher altitudes was decreasing. The decreases of NPP of spruce-fir forest were the most obvious when the slope was within the range of 0-10°, and the variation trend of NPP decreased with increasing slope. The increases of NPP showed a trend of decline on shady slope and semi-shady slope, but tended to be stable on sunny slope and semi-sunny slope. (3) The NPP of spruce-fir forest was positively correlated with precipitation, but not related with temperature. The decrease in NPP was partly related to tourism activities in the protected areas. Our results indicated that there was no consistent, large area decline in the high altitude spruce-fir forest, and the variation of NPP was mainly affected by site factors, precipitation, and human activities.

Key words: net primary productivity, spruce-fir forest, spatiotemporal pattern, driving factor, Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.

张月, 袁泉, 房磊, 韩艳刚, 朱琪, 齐麟, 周旺明, 周莉, 于大炮. 长白山自然保护区高海拔云冷杉林净初级生产力时空格局及其驱动因子[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(11): 3483-3492.

ZHANG Yue, YUAN Quan, FANG Lei, HAN Yan-gang, ZHU Qi, QI Lin, ZHOU Wang-ming, ZHOU Li, YU Da-pao. Spatiotemporal variation of net primary productivity of spruce-fir forest at high altitudes and the driving forces in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(11): 3483-3492.

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长白山自然保护区高海拔云冷杉林净初级生产力时空格局及其驱动因子

Spatiotemporal variation of net primary productivity of spruce-fir forest at high altitudes and the driving forces in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.

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