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华北平原冬小麦和夏玉米气候适宜性

赵彦茜,肖登攀*,柏会子,唐建昭   

  1. (河北省科学院地理科学研究所, 河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心, 石家庄 050011)
  • 出版日期:2020-07-10 发布日期:2021-01-09

Climatic suitability of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China Plain.

ZHAO Yan-xi, XIAO Deng-pan*, BAI Hui-zi, TANG Jian-zhao   

  1. (Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang 050011, China).
  • Online:2020-07-10 Published:2021-01-09

摘要: 作物气候适宜度研究有利于应对气候变化对作物生产的影响,合理开发利用农业气候资源,保障粮食生产安全。本研究运用气候适宜度理论构建作物气候适宜度模型,利用华北平原多站点气象和物候观测数据计算1981—2017年典型作物冬小麦和夏玉米不同生育期气候适宜度,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:华北平原冬小麦全生育期光照、温度、降水和综合气候适宜度分别为0.69、0.63、0.50和0.58,生育期内降水资源不足是华北平原冬小麦生长的限制因子,而夏玉米生育期内光照、温度、降水和综合气候适宜度均高于0.60;冬小麦全生育期温度、降水和综合气候适宜度变化趋势不明显,光照适宜度以0.020(10 a-1)趋势下降;夏玉米全生育期内仅光照适宜度下降趋势明显,温度、降水和综合气候适宜度变化趋势均不显著;空间上,冬小麦全生育期光照适宜度呈现出自西南向东北升高的空间分布趋势,温度适宜度大致为北低南高,降水和综合气候适宜度自北向南逐渐升高;夏玉米全生育期光照适宜度呈现出自西南向东北升高的分布趋势,温度适宜度大体上自东向西降低,降水适宜度自西北向东南升高,综合气候适宜度呈现出自西向东逐渐升高的“阶梯状”空间分布特征。

关键词: 去除凋落物, 微生物生物量, 微生物群落组成, 酶活性, 亚热带滨海沙地, 去除根系

Abstract: Studies on the degree of crop climate suitability are beneficial to coping with the impacts of climate change on crop production, rationally developing and utilizing agricultural climate resources, and ensuring security of food production. In this study, we established crop climate suitability degree model. Based on multisite meteorological and phenological observation data of the North China Plain, we calculated the climate suitability degrees of typical crops (winter wheat and summer maize) during 1981 to 2017, and analyzed their spatialtemporal variation. The sunshine, temperature, precipitation and synthetic climate suitability degrees of winter wheat in the North China Plain during the growing season were 0.69, 0.63, 0.50 and 0.58, respectively. The lack of precipitation during growing season was the limiting factor of winter wheat growth in the North China Plain, while the sunshine, temperature, precipitation and synthetic climate suitability degrees of summer maize during growing season were all higher than 0.60. The change trends of temperature, precipitation and synthetic climate suitability degrees of winter wheat in the whole growing season were not obvious, but the sunshine suitability degree decreased with a rate of 0.020 (10 a-1). During the whole growing season of summer maize, only the sunshine suitability degree decreased significantly, and the temperature, precipitation and synthetic climate suitability degrees did not change. Spatially, the sunshine suitability degree of winter wheat during the whole growing season increased from southwest to northeast, and the temperature suitability was generally low in the north and high in the south, while the precipitation and synthetic climate suitability degrees gradually increased from north to south. During the whole growing season of summer maize, the sunshine suitability degree increased from southwest to northeast, while the temperature suitability degree decreased from east to west, the precipitation suitability increased from northwest to southeast, and the synthetic climate suitability showed a “stepped” spatial distribution increasing from west to east.

Key words: litter removal, microbial biomass, subtropical sandy coastal area., enzyme activity, root trenching, microbial community composition