漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落功能结构时空变化及其影响因素

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 2884-2893.

• ·红树林湿地生态学专栏·（专栏组织专家：曹文志、王文卿、宋长春） • 上一篇下一篇

漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落功能结构时空变化及其影响因素

赵小雨^1,2,蔡立哲^2*,杨德援²,王文卿^1,2

(¹福建台湾海峡海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站（厦门大学），福建漳州 363300； ²厦门大学环境与生态学院，福建厦门 361102)

出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-09-07

Spatiotemporal variations of the functional structure of macrozoobenthic community and its influencing factors in the subtidal zone of Zhangjiang Estuary in Fujian Province.

ZHAO Xiaoyu^1,2, CAI Lizhe^2*, YANG Deyuan², WANG Wenqing^1,2

(¹National Field Observation and Research Station (Fujian Taiwan Strait) for Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363300, Fujian, China; ²College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China).

Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-09-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 漳江口是我国东南沿海典型的红树林-河-复合生态系统，大型底栖动物群落在维持物质循环和能量流动中具有重要作用。本研究于2021年8月和2022年1月在漳江口设置6个采样站位，同步开展大型底栖动物定量采样和环境因子测定，并结合功能性状分析和典范对应排序（CCA），探讨漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落功能结构的时空分异特征及环境影响机制。本研究共采集到大型底栖动物37种，其中多毛类18种，甲壳类13种，腹足类2种。结果表明，漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落在季节和空间上均存在显著差异：冬季大型底栖动物群落功能多样性指数（FRic和FEve）均高于夏季；空间上，大型底栖动物群落功能多样性呈自近口段（河口上游）向近海区（河口下游）逐渐递增的趋势。Mantel检验以及CCA分析表明，盐度和营养盐是影响群落功能结构时空分异的关键环境因子，其中夏季群落主要受营养盐影响，冬季群落受盐度与pH主导。环境因子与人为活动（如核电站建设等）通过改变沉积物性质和水体营养盐结构协同驱动功能性状分异。综上所述，环境因素和人为活动共同驱动了漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落的变化，建议在红树林-河-生态系统的保护与修复中，重点关注营养盐输入控制，并引入功能多样性指标，以更全面评估生态系统的健康状况与恢复潜力。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 功能多样性, 环境因子, 红树林, 漳江口

Abstract: Zhangjiang Estuary is a typical mangrove-estuary complex ecosystem along the coast of southeast China. The macrozoobenthic community plays a significant role in maintaining material circulation and energy flow. In August 2021 and January 2022, we conducted quantitative sampling of macrobenthos and environmental factor determination at six stations in the subtidal zone of Zhangjiang Estuary. Combined with functional trait analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), we explored the spatiotemporal variations and driving mechanisms of the functional structure of macrozoobenthic community. A total of 37 macrozoobenthic species were collected, including 18 polychaete species, 13 crustacean species, and 2 gastropod species. There were pronounced seasonal and spatial variations in the macrozoobenthic communities. The functional diversity indices (FRic and FEve) of macrozoobenthic community in winter were higher than those in summer. Functional diversity indices of macrozoobenthic community increased from the upper estuary to the offshore area. Mantel test and CCA analysis indicated that salinity and nutrients were the key environmental factors affecting the spatiotemporal variation of community functional structure, with the summer community being primarily influenced by nutrients and the winter community being driven by salinity and pH. Environmental factors and anthropogenic activities (e.g., nuclear power plant construction) synergistically drive functional trait divergence by altering sediment properties and water nutrient structure. In conclusion, environmental factors and human activities jointly drive the changes in macrozoobenthic community in the subtidal zone of the Zhangjiang Estuary. We recommended that nutrient input control be prioritized and that functional diversity indices should be incorporated into the conservation and restoration of mangrove-estuary ecosystems, which would favor the assessment of ecosystem health and recovery potential.

Key words: macrozoobenthos, functional diversity, environmental factor, mangrove, Zhangjiang Estuary

赵小雨, 蔡立哲, 杨德援, 王文卿. 漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落功能结构时空变化及其影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(9): 2884-2893.

ZHAO Xiaoyu, CAI Lizhe, YANG Deyuan, WANG Wenqing. Spatiotemporal variations of the functional structure of macrozoobenthic community and its influencing factors in the subtidal zone of Zhangjiang Estuary in Fujian Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(9): 2884-2893.

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漳江口潮下带大型底栖动物群落功能结构时空变化及其影响因素

Spatiotemporal variations of the functional structure of macrozoobenthic community and its influencing factors in the subtidal zone of Zhangjiang Estuary in Fujian Province.

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