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生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2268-2275.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.002

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆覆盖和免耕对玉米根系性状、产量和土壤物理属性的影响

莫晓凡1,2,卢佳禹2,林俊杰3,兰国新1,王明理4*   

  1. 1重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院, 重庆 404020; 2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 3浙江科技大学环境与资源学院, 杭州 310023; 4成都中科青芸智能科技有限公司, 成都 610000)
  • 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-16

Effects of stover mulch and no-tillage on maize root traits, yield and soil physical properties: A meta-analysis.

MO Xiaofan1,2, LU Jiayu2, LIN Junjie3, LAN Guoxin1, WANG Mingli4*   

  1. (1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404020, China; 2Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 3School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China; 4Chengdu Zhongke Qingyun Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China).

  • Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-16

摘要: 免耕秸秆覆盖管理可以提升土壤有机质和肥力、改善土壤物理结构以及维持农田生态系统功能与可持续性,但其对玉米产量形成和根系-土壤互作的影响机制尚不明确。本研究采用整合分析方法,筛选出65篇文献,两个处理组为免耕(NT)与免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS),相应对照组为常规耕作(CT)与免耕(NT),探究免耕与秸秆覆盖对玉米产量、土壤属性与根系性状的差异性影响及其总体效应。结果表明:免耕较常规耕作显著降低玉米产量7.4%,而免耕秸秆覆盖较免耕提升玉米产量6.1%,达到与常规耕作相当水平;免耕较常规耕作显著增加土壤容重(BD,3.6%)与土壤穿透阻力(PR,17.7%),而免耕秸秆覆盖较免耕显著降低PR12.4%,使土壤含水量(SMC)相比免耕和常规耕作分别提高10.3%和7.0%;免耕相比常规耕作显著降低了根长密度(RLD,10.0%)、根干重密度(RMD,10.6%)和根表面积密度(RSD,20.6%),而免耕秸秆覆盖使根生物量较免耕和常规耕作显著提高12.0%和15.6%;免耕秸秆覆盖通过优化BD、PR与SMC等土壤物理属性关系,促进根生物量增加,从而形成产量增益效应。本研究揭示秸秆覆盖可能通过改善表层土壤物理环境-优化根系空间分布-增强养分吸收能力的协调路径,消减免耕的产量限制效应,为保护性耕作技术优化提供理论依据。


关键词: 免耕, 秸秆覆盖, 产量, 土壤属性, 根系性状

Abstract:

No-tillage with stover mulching (NTS) is a conservation agriculture practice, which can enhance soil structure, improve soil fertility, and sustain agroecosystem functions. However, the differential effects of no-tillage and stover mulching on maize yield and root-soil interactions remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 65 peer-reviewed papers to systematically evaluate the impacts of no-tillage (NT) \[NT vs conventional tillage (CT)\] and no-tillage with stover mulching (NTS vs NT or CT) on maize yield, soil properties, and root traits. NT significantly reduced maize yield by 7.4% compared to CT, while NTS increased yield by 6.1% relative to NT, achieving the same yield as CT. NT significantly increased soil bulk density (BD, 3.6%) and penetration resistance (PR, 17.7%) compared to CT, while NTS significantly alleviated these adverse effects with reducing PR by 12.4% compared to NT, and increased soil moisture content (SMC) by 10.3% and 7.0% over NT and CT, respectively. NT significantly decreased root length density, root biomass density, and root surface area density by 10.0%, 10.6%, and 20.6% compared to CT, whereas NTS significantly enhanced root biomass by 12.0% and 15.6% over NT and CT, respectively. NTS could maintain maize yield through optimizing BD, PR, and SMC, and promoting root length density. These findings indicate that stover mulching counteracts the negative effects of NT by improving topsoil physical properties and optimizing root morphological traits, thereby enhancing nutrient uptake efficiency. This study provides critical insights for optimizing conservation practices in maize production systems.