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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 2085-2093.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202107.010

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同改良措施提高沙地初级生产力的机制:土壤微环境

王杰1,张运龙2,贾晓彤1,赵晋灵3,景明慧1,曹娟4,卞建林5,庾强1,曹远博1,吴红慧6*   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国农业科学院, 北京 100081;2中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193;3中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093;4国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院, 北京 100714; 5首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048; 6中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室, 北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2021-07-12

Mechanism of different ameliorated methods to improve primary productivity of sand land: Soil microenvironment.

WANG Jie1, ZHANG Yun-long2, JIA Xiao-tong1, ZHAO Jin-ling3, JING Ming-hui1, CAO Juan4, BIAN Jian-lin5, YU Qiang1, CAO Yuan-bo1, WU Hong-hui6*   

  1. (1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning/National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 3State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Changes, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 4Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China; 5College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; 6Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China).
  • Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-07-12

摘要: 土壤微环境恢复是实现沙地和沙化草地恢复的基础。然而,改良措施如何作用于土壤微环境从而提高沙地初级生产力的机制并不清楚。本研究在内蒙古锡林郭勒半固定沙地开展改良措施修复试验,设置对照、立体措施(结皮+保水剂)和综合措施(撒种+结皮+保水剂)处理,测定土壤物理性状(土壤容重、团聚体、温度和水分)和植物生物量,研究不同改良措施对沙地土壤微环境的影响。结果表明:立体措施和综合措施均改善了土壤结构(土壤容重降低、水稳性大团聚体增加),降低了水分蒸发,提高了土壤入渗,从而提高了土壤含水量;两种改良措施均降低了夏季日均温,这有利于减少水分蒸发,立体措施提高了早春日均温,可能会促进植物的萌发,从而提高雪水的利用率;两种改良措施均降低了温度日变化,白天较低的温度有利于降低水分的蒸发;综合措施较立体措施增加了撒种处理,提高了植物生物量,反过来又改善了土壤微环境,改良效果更佳。本研究揭示了立体措施和综合改良措施改善沙地土壤微环境,从而提高初级生产力的机制,为沙地和退化草原改良提供了理论支持,同时也具有重要的实践意义。

关键词: 结皮, 保水剂, 土壤温度, 土壤水分, 土壤微环境

Abstract: The restoration of soil microenvironment is the basis for the restoration of sand land and desertified grassland. However, it is not clear how the improvement measures interact with the soil microenvironment to increase primary productivity of sandy land. Here, we conducted an experiment in a semifixed dune in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia, to examine the impacts of different improvement measures on sandy soil microenvironment. We measured soil physical properties (soil bulk density, aggregates, temperature, moisture) and plant biomass under two treatments: threedimensional measure (crust + water retention agent), comprehensive measure (seeding + crust + water retention agent) and control. Our results showed that both the threedimensional and comprehensive measures improved soil structure (lower soil bulk density and higher water stability of large aggregates), increased soil infiltration and soil water content, but reduced water evaporation. Both ameliorations reduced the average daily temperature in summer, which was beneficial to reduce water evaporation. The three-dimensional measure increased the average daily temperature in early spring, which might promote seed germination, thus improving the utilization rate of snow water. Both measures reduced diurnal temperature variations. The lower daytime temperature was conducive to reducing water evaporation. Compared with the three-dimensional measure, the comprehensive measure increased plant biomass due to sowing treatment, which in turn improved soil microenvironment, and thus obtained a better improvement effect. This study provides empirical evidence for the use of three-dimensional and comprehensive measures for improving the microenvironment and primary productivity of sandy soils.

Key words: crusts, water retaining agent, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil microenvironment.