水分胁迫对春大豆出苗和幼苗长势的影响

生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 2602-2609.

水分胁迫对春大豆出苗和幼苗长势的影响

李秀芬^1,2,马树庆^3,4*,李云峰⁴,于海⁵,徐丽萍⁵,陈凤涛⁵,张洪伟⁵,翟墨^1,2

（¹中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室，哈尔滨 150030； ²黑龙江省气象科学研究所，哈尔滨 150030； ³吉林省气象台，长春 130062； ⁴吉林省气象服务中心，长春 130062；⁵吉林省榆树市气象局，吉林榆树 130400）

出版日期:2020-08-10 发布日期:2021-02-10

Effects of soil water stress on emergence and seedling growth of spring soybean.

LI Xiu-fen^1,2, MA Shu-qing^3,4*, LI Yun-feng⁴, YU Hai⁵, XU Li-ping⁵, CHEN Feng-tao⁵, ZHANG Hong-wei⁵, ZHAI Mo^1,2

(¹Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast China, CMA, Harbin 150030, China; ²Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin 150030, China; ³Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China; ⁴Meteorological Service Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China; ⁵Yushu Meteorological Bureau of Jilin Province, Yushu 130400, Jilin, China).

Online:2020-08-10 Published:2021-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究春大豆播种至幼苗期干旱对大豆出苗速度、出苗率和幼苗长势的影响及春旱指标，以指导春旱评估和抗旱灌溉，于2017和2018年在吉林省中部开展田间土壤水分控制试验。通过防雨棚和人工喷水控制土壤水分，设置7个土壤水分处理和1个自然雨养处理，观测土壤湿度、出苗期、出苗率、株高、叶龄和生物量等。采用回归方法分析土壤湿度对出苗期、出苗率及幼苗长势的影响，据此建立大豆春旱评估指标。结果表明：大豆出苗期、出苗率、苗期株高、叶龄和生物量与播耕层土壤水分关系密切，在试验处理范围内（土壤湿度24%以下），土壤湿度每下降1%，出苗期延迟1～2 d，出苗率下降1.6%，相对叶龄、株高和地上生物量分别下降6.1%、5.4%、10.2%；土壤湿度20%～23%适宜大豆出苗，21%～24%适宜幼苗生长；大豆轻旱、中旱、重旱和特旱的土壤湿度指标依次为0～10 cm土壤湿度16%～17%、14%～15%、12%～13%和12%以下，0～20 cm土壤湿度依次在17%～18%、15%～16%、13%～14%和13%以下。

关键词: 春大豆, 土壤水分胁迫, 苗情, 相关模式, 春旱指标

Abstract: We carried out a field soil moisture control experiment in central Jilin Province in 2017 and 2018 to explore the effects of drought on seedling emergence speed, seedling rate and seedling growth during spring sowing to seedling period, and the spring drought index, with the final aim to guide the spring drought assessment and drought control irrigation. Soil moisture was controlled by rainproof sheds and artificial water spraying. There were seven soil moisture levels and one natural rain-fed treatment. We measured soil moisture, emergence date, emergence ratio, plant height, leaf age and biomass. The effects of soil moisture on emergence date, emergence ratio and seedling growth potential were analyzed by regression method, and the evaluation index of soybean spring drought was established accordingly. The results showed that soybean emergence date, emergence rate, plant height, leaf age and aboveground biomass were closely related to soil moisture in the sowing layer. Under the range of experiment treatment (soil moisture was less than 24%), with every 1% decrease of soil moisture, the emergence date was delayed for 1-2 d, the emergence rate was decreased by 1.6%, and the relative leaf age, seedling height and aboveground biomass were decreased by 6.1%, 5.4% and 10.2%, respectively. Suitable soil moisture for soybean emergence ranged between 20% and 23%, and for seedling growth ranged between 21% and 24%. The indicators of light, moderate, severe and extreme drought in spring were as follows: soil humidity in 0-10 cm was 16%-17%, 14%-15%, 12%-13% and <12%, respectively; in 0-20 cm was 17%-18%, 15%-16%, 13%-14% and <13%, respectively.

Key words: spring soybean, soil water stress, seedling growth situation, assessment model, spring drought indicator.

李秀芬, 马树庆, 李云峰, 于海, 徐丽萍, 陈凤涛, 张洪伟, 翟墨. 水分胁迫对春大豆出苗和幼苗长势的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(8): 2602-2609.

LI Xiu-fen, MA Shu-qing, LI Yun-feng, YU Hai, XU Li-ping, CHEN Feng-tao, ZHANG Hong-wei, ZHAI Mo. Effects of soil water stress on emergence and seedling growth of spring soybean.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(8): 2602-2609.

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