保水剂和微生物菌肥配施对旱作燕麦干物质积累、分配、转运和产量的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202009.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对旱作燕麦产量低而不稳的现状，选取旱作农业栽培中应用较广泛的保水剂和微生物菌肥，通过田间试验，设置单施保水剂（A）、单施微生物菌肥（B）、保水剂和微生物菌肥配施（AB）和不施用保水剂和微生物菌肥（CK）4个处理，探讨配施后对旱作燕麦不同生育阶段干物质积累、分配、转运和水分利用的影响，以期为提高旱作燕麦产量提供有效措施。结果表明：保水剂和微生物菌肥单施和配施均能影响旱作燕麦不同生育阶段不同器官干物质积累量及其分配比例，促进干物质量生育前期由叶向茎转运，生育后期由茎叶向穗、籽粒转运，且在对分配比例影响中仅有配施（AB）在全生育时期与CK达到显著性差异，其中拔节期茎分配比例、开花期和灌浆期穗分配比例、成熟期籽粒分配比例较其余3个处理分别提高13.13%～28.61%、21.46%～36.45%、0.26%～3.94%，同时配施各生育阶段干物质积累量和水分利用效率均保持较高水平，且在播种拔节和灌浆成熟2个阶段与CK达到显著差异，干物质积累量提高41.98%～55.14%和2.64%～90.92%，对应水分利用效率提高40.92%～71.04%和4.96%～96.35%；保水剂和微生物菌肥单施和配施均能提高燕麦花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量贡献率，最终提高旱作燕麦产量，其中保水剂和微生物菌肥配施后效果显著优于两种单施处理，配施后花后干物质积累量提高8.38%～22.92%，花后干物质对籽粒产量贡献率提高0.18%～2.26%，籽粒产量提高8.40%～20.12%。

关键词: 燕麦, 保水剂, 微生物菌肥, 干物质, 产量

Abstract: The yield of oat in rainfed farmlands is low and unstable. Here, we investigated the coupling effects of water-retaining agent and microbial fertilizer, which have been widely used in dry farming systems. There were four treatments: single application of water-retaining agent (A), single application of microbial fertilizer (B), combination of waterretaining agent and microbial fertilizer (AB), control (CK). The effects of amendments on dry matter accumulation, allocation, transportation, and water use efficiency of oat in different growth stages were evaluated, aiming to find the effective strategy in improving oat yield in rainfed farmland. The results showed that both single and combined water-retaining agent and microbial fertilizer application affected the accumulation and allocation of dry matter in different organs of oats in different growth stages, and promoted transformation of dry matter from leaves to stems in the early growth stage, and from stems and leaves to spikes and grains in late stage. Allocation ratios in the AB treatment significantly differed compared to that in CK in the whole growing stage. Compared to treatments A, B and CK, AB increased stem allocation ratio by 13.13%-28.61% in jointing stage, ear allocation ratio in flowering and filling stage by 21.46%-36.45%, and gain allocation ratio by 0.26%-3.94% in mature stage. The AB treatment showed a relatively higher amount of dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency in all stages, with a significant difference in sowing stage to jointing stage and filling stage to mature stage, compared to CK. In these two stages, dry matter accumulation amount increased by 41.98%-55.14% and 2.64%-90.92%, and water use efficiency increased by 40.92%-71.04% and 4.96%-96.35%, respectively. Both single and combined water-retaining agent and microbial fertilizer application facilitated dry matter accumulation after anthesis and its contribution to grain yield, and thus improved oat yield in rainfed farmland. The effects of combination treatment were better than the two single application treatments, with an increase of 8.38%-22.92% for dry matter accumulation after anthesis, 0.18%-2.26% for contribution rate after anthesis, and 8.40%-20.12% for grain yield.

Key words: oat, water-retaining agent, microbial fertilizer, dry matter, yield.

田露, 刘景辉, 赵宝平, 米俊珍, 李英浩, 费楠. 保水剂和微生物菌肥配施对旱作燕麦干物质积累、分配、转运和产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(9): 2996-3003.

TIAN Lu, LIU Jing-hui, ZHAO Bao-ping, MI Jun-zhen, LI Ying-hao, FEI Nan. Effects of combination of water-retaining agent and microbial fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, allocation, transportation, and yield of oat in rainfed farmland.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(9): 2996-3003.

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保水剂和微生物菌肥配施对旱作燕麦干物质积累、分配、转运和产量的影响

Effects of combination of water-retaining agent and microbial fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, allocation, transportation, and yield of oat in rainfed farmland.

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