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基于Gash模型的青海云杉林降水截留模拟

高婵婵1,彭焕华2,赵传燕1**,刘兴明3   

  1. (1兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000; 2中国科学院武汉植物园, 中国科学院水生植物与流域生态
    重点实验室, 武汉 430000; 3甘肃省祁连山自然保护区管理局, 甘肃张掖 734000)
  • 出版日期:2015-01-10 发布日期:2015-01-10

Simulation of rainfall interception of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forest in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains by Gash model.

GAO Chan-chan1, PENG Huan-hua2, ZHAO Chuan-yan1**, LIU Xing-ming3   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Grassland and AgroEcosystem, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2Wuhan Botanical Garden, Key Laboratory of
    Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China; 3Administrate Bureau of Gansu Qilianshan Nature Reserve, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China)
  • Online:2015-01-10 Published:2015-01-10

摘要:

选择Gash(1995)改进后的模型对祁连山东部青海云杉林冠层截留进行模拟。首先在2009年的5月底至9月期间对降水事件、降水截留和林冠结构进行观测,其次对林冠附加截留量进行计算,在不同的时间步长上利用Gash模型模拟截留量,最后对模型参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明:Gash模型对整个观测期间林冠截留模拟值比实测林冠总截留量偏低8.70%,15 d尺度和次降雨事件尺度上模拟值比观测值分别偏低18.92%和14.23%;附加截留占总截留的74.94%,吸附截留占总截留的25.06%;饱和林冠的平均蒸发强度和降雨强度的比值是模型的敏感性参数,精确获得平均蒸发强度是保证模型精度的前提条件,并且独立降水事件的界定是提高Gash模型的关键点。
 
 

关键词: CENTURY模拟, 未来情景, 内蒙古草地, NPP

Abstract:

The improved Gash model (1995) was used to simulate the rainfall interception by Qinghai spruce forest in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains. Firstly, precipitation, rainfall interception and canopy coverage were measured from the end of May to September in 2009. Secondly, canopy evaporation was calculated by PenmanMonteith method. Thirdly, interception was simulated by Gash model at three time scales (i.e., the observed period, 15 days, and rainfall events during the observed period). Finally, sensitive analysis of parameters in Gash model was made. The results showed that the estimated interception value by Gash model at the whole observed period scale was 8.70% lower than the observed value. The estimated values were 18.92% and 14.23% lower than the observed values respectively, at 15 days scale and rainfall event scale. The interception amount by canopy evaporation accounted for 74.94% of total interception, and the adsorption interception amount by canopy accounted for 25.06% of total interception. The ratio of average evaporation capacity to rainfall intensity is an important parameter of Gash model. The paper suggested that canopy evaporation during a precipitation event should play a key role in improving the accuracy of Gash model, and independent rainfall events should be defined for better estimation of rainfall interception by Gash model.
 

Key words: net primary productivity, Inner Mongolia grassland, CENTURY modeling, climate change scenario