长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性及潮汐强度的影响

生态学杂志

长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性及潮汐强度的影响

阎明军¹,胡春亭¹,蔺丹清²,马凤娇³,徐跑^1,2,刘凯^1,2*

（¹南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，江苏无锡 214081； ²农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心，江苏无锡 214081； ³水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心（上海海洋大学），上海 201306）

出版日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-10

The diversity of fish communities and the effects of tidal intensity in the near-shore lower reaches of Yangtze River.

YAN Ming-jun¹, HU Chun-ting¹, LIN Dan-qing², MA Feng-jiao³, XU Pao^1,2, LIU Kai^1,2*

(¹Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; ²Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; ³National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China).

Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性及其潮汐的影响，于2016—2017年在靖江样点、2017—2018年在常熟样点分别进行连续4个季度的鱼类调查，同步收集潮汐强度数据。结果表明：靖江样点共监测到鱼类61种，隶属于9目18科47属，鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、刀鲚（Coilia nasus）、贝氏（Hemiculter bleekeri）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）为主要优势种；常熟样点共监测到鱼类41种，隶属于8目14科34属，鲢、中国花鲈（Lateolabrax maculatus）、鳙、鳊（Parabramis pekinensis）和鲫（Carassius auratus）为主要优势种；靖江样点Margalef指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数均大于常熟样点，Pielou指数则小于常熟样点；SIMPER分析表明，靖江和常熟样点周年群落组成平均相似度分别为64.5%和64.7%，样点间平均相异度为61.1%；不同季节各潮汐周期内鱼类群落多样性相关分析结果显示，在95%置信区间内，靖江样点物种数、渔获重量、Shannon指数与采样日最大潮差呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），Margalef指数、Simpson指数与最大潮差呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），渔获尾数与最大潮差相关不显著；常熟样点物种数与最大潮差呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），其余指标与最大潮差相关不显著。本研究为长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性研究提供了基础资料，为该江段鱼类资源保护与可持续利用提供支撑。

关键词: 沉积物, 硅藻, 大理西湖, 流域开发, 富营养化

Abstract: To understand the diversity of near-shore fish communities in the lower reaches of Yangtze River and the effects of tides on it, we collected fish samples and tide data during four consecutive seasons in the Jingjiang station from 2016 to 2017 and in the Changshu station from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that 61 species fishes were collected from the Jingjiang station, which belongs to 9 orders, 18 families and 47 genera. The dominant species were Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Coilia nasus, Hemiculter bleekeri, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Aristichthys nobilis. A total of 41 species were collected from the Changshu station, which belongs to 8 orders, 14 families, 34 genera. The dominant species were Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Lateolabrax maculatus,Aristichthys nobilis, Parabramis pekinensisand Carassius auratus. Margalefindex, Shannon index, and Simpson index of fish communities in the Jingjiang station were higher than those in the Changshu station, whereas Pielou index was lower than that in the Changshu station. Results from SIMPER analysis showed that the average similarity of community composition among four seasons of the Jingjiang station and Changshu station were 64.5% and 64.7%, respectively. The average dissimilarity between two stations were 61.1%. Correlation analysis results of fish community diversity in each tidal cycle in different seasons showed that, at the 95% confidence interval, species richness, catch weight, Shannon index of the Jingjiang station were significantly positively correlated with the maximum tidal range on the sampling day (P<0.01); the Margalef index and Simpson index were significantly positively correlated with the maximum tidal range (P<0.05), while the number of catches was not significantly correlated with the maximum tidal range. Species richness in Changshu was significantly positively correlated with the maximum tidal range (P<0.05), whereas other indicators were not correlated with the maximum tidal range. Our results provide basic data for the study of fish community diversity, and thus would contribute to the conservation and sustainable utilization of fish resources in the lower reaches of Yangtze River.

Key words: eutrophication., catchment development, Xihu Lake, sediments, diatoms

阎明军,胡春亭,蔺丹清,马凤娇,徐跑,刘凯. 长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性及潮汐强度的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

YAN Ming-jun, HU Chun-ting, LIN Dan-qing, MA Feng-jiao, XU Pao, LIU Kai. The diversity of fish communities and the effects of tidal intensity in the near-shore lower reaches of Yangtze River.[J]. cje.

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