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云南中部湖群越冬水禽群落特征

杨文军1,刘强2*,何娴1,李晏琼3   

  1. 1西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院, 昆明 650224; 2西南林业大学湿地学院, 昆明 650224;3昆明市晋宁区林业和草原局, 昆明 650224)
  • 出版日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-10

Characteristics of winter waterbirds community of lakes in central Yunnan, China.

YANG Wen-un1, LIU Qiang2*, HE Xian1, LI Yan-qiong3   

  1. (1College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 2College of Wetland, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 3 Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Jinning District, Kunming, Kunming 650224, China).
  • Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-10

摘要: 云南中部湖群是云贵高原重要的水禽越冬区,掌握该地区越冬水禽群落特征对水禽保护以及湿地资源管理具有重要指导意义。于2017—2018和2018—2019年冬季,采用样点法对云南中部湖群(滇池、抚仙湖、杞麓湖、星云湖)水禽群落特征进行了调查。共记录到水禽7目9科40种,总体来看,云南中部湖群的水禽群落在物种组成上以鸭类为主,占总种数的30%,而在数量上以鸥科的红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus(91.92%)为优势种类。运用非参数物种丰富度估计,发现滇池水禽丰富度较高(37.17±1.13),其次为杞麓湖(33.70±1.74)和星云湖(32.05±1.80),抚仙湖(17.78±0.43)较低;从物种均匀度(Simpson指数)来衡量,抚仙湖水禽均匀度较高(0.63±0.03),其次为星云湖(0.53±0.07)和杞麓湖(0.52±0.05),滇池较低(0.11±0.03)。各湖的物种丰富度与湖体平均水深呈负相关(r=-0.509,P<0.05),而与湖体面积无显著相关性(r=0.286,P>0.05);对物种组成相似性进行聚类分析,发现滇池和其他3个湖泊的水禽组成差异性较大,杞麓湖和星云湖较为类似。综合来看,滇池可以维持较高的物种丰富度(占总物种数的80.00%)和多度(占总数量的89.69%),在水禽多样性保护中具有较大的价值。

关键词: 地表甲虫, 物种多样性, 陆桥岛屿, 大陆样点, 生境片段化

Abstract: Lakes in central Yunnan Province are important wintering habitats for waterbirds in the YunnanGuizhou Plateau. It is important to reveal the characteristics of wintering waterbirds 〖JP2〗community for conservation and wetland resources management. In the winter of 2017-2018 and 2018-〖JP〗2019, we examined the waterbirds community characteristics by the point sampling method in lakes of central Yunnan (Dianchi Lake, Fuxian Lake, Qilu Lake and Xingyun Lake). A total of 40 species, 7 orders and 9 families were recorded. Waterbirds communities were dominated by ducks, accounting for 30% of the total species richness. Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus was the dominant species, occupying 91.92% of total individuals. With non-parametric species richness estimates, we found that waterbirds richness was the highest in Dianchi (37.17±1.13), followed by Qilu (33.70±1.74) and Xingyun (32.05±1.80), and was lowest in Fuxian (17.78±0.43). Evenness index (Simpson index) of waterbirds was the highest in Fuxian (0.63±0.03), followed by Xingyun (0.53±0.07) and Qilu (0.52±0.05), and the lowest in Dianchi (0.11±0.03). Species richness was negatively correlated with the average water depth of the lake (r=-0.509,P<0.05), but not with lake size (r=0.286, P>0.05). Results of cluster analysis of community composition similarity showed that community composition in Dianchi was quite different from other three lakes. The community composition in Qilu and Xingyun were similar. In conclusion, Dianchi had high species richness (80.00% of total species) and abundance (89.69% of total number), which plays a great role in the conservation of waterbird diversity.

Key words: land-bridge island, ground dwelling beetles, habitat fragmentation, species diversity., mainland study site