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浙江乌岩岭自然保护区黄腹角雉适宜栖息地的选择

刘雷雷1,郑方东1,李佳琦2,林莉斯1,雷祖培1,章书声1*   

  1. 1浙江乌岩岭国家级自然保护区管理中心, 浙江温州 325500;2生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042)
  • 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10

Selection of suitable habitats for Tragopan caboti in Wuyanling Nature Reserve of Zhejiang.

LIU Lei-lei1, ZHENG Fang-dong1, LI Jia-qi2, LIN Li-si1, LEI Zhu-pei1, ZHANG Shu-sheng1*   

  1. (1The Management Center of Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Wenzhou 325500, Zhejiang, China; 2Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China).
  • Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10

摘要: 栖息地的丧失和片段化是黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti)主要的致危因素。于2015年1月—2017年12月,在乌岩岭保护区不同林分(阔叶林、针改阔林、针叶林)利用红外相机监测,共拍摄到黄腹角雉个体独立照片497张,雌雄比为1∶1.78。结果表明:2015年阔叶林和针改阔林、针叶林黄腹角雉拍摄独立照片均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),但针叶林和针改阔林不存在显著差异(P>0.05);2016年阔叶林与针叶林之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);2017年针改阔林和阔叶林不存在显著差异(P>0.05),而针叶林与阔叶林及针改阔林之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),说明随着年份增长,种植壳斗科和交让木科等树种的针改阔林,黄腹角雉拍摄独立照片数量接近阔叶林;在拍摄的497张照片中,春季(203张)和冬季(190张)占79.07%,春冬两季与夏秋两季存在显著差异(P<0.05),春与冬,夏与秋之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05),说明黄腹角雉冬季食物少在外觅食时间多,春季(3—5月)是黄腹角雉的繁殖季节,在外活动时间增加;黄腹角雉属于昼行性鸟类,存在7:00—8:00与15:00—17:00两个活动高峰期。

关键词: 光合气体交换, 叶绿素荧光参数, 水分利用效率, 膜上覆土穴播, 半干旱区, 春小麦

Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main risk factors for Tragopan caboti. From January 2015 to December 2017, infrared cameras were used to monitor different forest stands (broad-eaved forest, BF; broad-eaved forest transformed from coniferous forest, TF; coniferous forest, CF) in Wuyanling Nature Reserve, with a total of 497 independent photos of Tragopan caboti being taken with the ratio of male to female of 1:1.78. In 2015, there were significant differences in the number of independent photos of Tragopan caboti among BF, TF and CF (P<0.01), but with no difference between CF and TF (P>0.05). In 2016, there was significant difference between BF and CF (P<0.05). In 2017, there was no difference between TF and BF (P>0.05), while there was significant difference between CF vs. BF and CF vs. TF (P<0.05). With the increases of years, the number of independent photos taken in the TF where species from Fagaceae and Daphniphyllaceae were planted was close to that in the BF. Out of the 497 photos, 203 photos were taken in spring and 190 photos in winter, which together accounted for 79.07%. There was a significant difference between winter pring and summer utumn (P<0.05), but no difference between spring and winter and between summer and autumn (P>0.05), indicating that Tragopan caboti spent more time in going out to find food in winter due to the scarce of food. As a spring breeding species (March-May), the outing activity time of Tragopan caboti increased in spring. As a diurnal species, its activity has two peak periods, from 7:00 to 8:00 and from 15:00 to 17:00.

Key words: whole field soilplastic mulching and bunch sowing, spring wheat, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, water use efficiency., rain-fed semiarid area, photosynthetic gas exchange