覆盖对旱地春小麦干物质积累与分配及产量的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.019

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 298-304.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.019

覆盖对旱地春小麦干物质积累与分配及产量的影响

吴炳权¹,柴雨葳¹,马建涛¹,李亚伟¹,杨佳佳²,程宏波²,常磊¹,柴守玺^1*

（¹甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070； ²甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院，兰州 730070）

出版日期:2023-02-10 发布日期:2023-07-10

Effect of mulching on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield of spring wheat in dryland.

WU Bing-quan¹, CHAI Yu-wei¹, MA Jian-tao¹, LI Ya-wei¹, YANG Jia-jia², CHENG Hong-bo², CHANG Lei¹, CHAI Shou-xi^1*

(¹Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; ²College of Bioscience and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China).

Online:2023-02-10 Published:2023-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确不同覆盖方式对旱地春小麦干物质积累分配的影响及其与产量形成的关系，可为旱地小麦高产生产提供依据。本研究在西北黄土高原雨养农业区设置秸秆带状覆盖（SM）、全膜覆土穴播（PM）及无覆盖（CK）3种覆盖方式，分析其对旱地春小麦干物质积累与分配及产量形成的影响。结果表明：覆盖显著提高了小麦各时期地上部干物质量，较CK相比，PM提高了7.5%～33.3%，SM提高了15.4%～25.3%，且主要促进了拔节至开花期阶段干物质积累量；PM和SM均显著提高了小麦开花期和成熟期叶、茎鞘、穗轴+颖壳的干物质分配比例；覆盖也显著提高了叶、茎鞘、穗轴+颖壳花前累积的干物质在花后的再分配，其中茎鞘和穗轴+颖壳的花后转移率均以SM最大（3.9%和29.2%）；同时，覆盖显著提高了小麦籽粒产量，PM和SM处理分别较CK增加了13.8%和14.1%；可见，覆盖可促进春小麦干物质积累、分配与转运，进而促进产量提高。在西北黄土高原雨养农业区，秸秆带状覆盖作为一种可持续的、保护性的覆盖措施，有利于该地区农田生态环境的改善及绿色农业的发展。

关键词: 春小麦, 地膜覆盖, 秸秆带状覆盖, 干物质积累与分配, 产量

Abstract: Clarifying the effects of different mulching modes on dry matter accumulation and distribution of spring wheat in dryland and their relationship with yield formation can provide a basis for high-yield wheat production in dryland. In this study, we examined the effects of three mulching methods, including straw strip mulching (SM), full plastic mulching and bunch-seeding (PM), and no mulching (CK), on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield formation of spring wheat in the rain-fed agricultural region of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. The results showed that mulching significantly increased shoot dry matter content of wheat at different stages. Compared with CK, PM increased dry matter accumulation by 7.5%-33.3% and SM increased by 15.4%-25.3%, mainly from jointing to flowering stage. Both PM and SM significantly increased dry matter distribution to leaf, stem+sheath, and spike axis+grain husk at flowering and maturity stages. Mulching significantly increased the post anthesis redistribution of dry matter accumulated in leaves, stem+sheath, and spike axis+grain husk, with that of stem+sheath and spike axis+grain husk being the highest in SM (3.9% and 29.2%). Moreover, mulching significantly increased grain yield by 13.8% and 14.1% under PM and SM treatments, respectively. In conclusion, mul-ching can promote the accumulation, distribution, and transport of dry matter in spring wheat, and thus promote wheat yield. In the rain-fed agricultural area of northwest China Loess Plateau, straw strip mulching, as a sustainable and protective mulching measure, is conducive to the improvement of cropland ecological environment and the development of green agriculture.

Key words: spring wheat, plastic film mulching, straw strip mulching, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield.

吴炳权, 柴雨葳, 马建涛, 李亚伟, 杨佳佳, 程宏波, 常磊, 柴守玺. 覆盖对旱地春小麦干物质积累与分配及产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(2): 298-304.

WU Bing-quan, CHAI Yu-wei, MA Jian-tao, LI Ya-wei, YANG Jia-jia, CHENG Hong-bo, CHANG Lei, CHAI Shou-xi. Effect of mulching on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield of spring wheat in dryland.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(2): 298-304.

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覆盖对旱地春小麦干物质积累与分配及产量的影响

Effect of mulching on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield of spring wheat in dryland.

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