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渤海曹妃甸新发现的海草床及其生态特征

刘慧1,黄小平2*,王元磊3,梁洲瑞1,古彬1,苏纪兰4   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东青岛 266071; 2中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广州 510301; 3唐山市曹妃甸龙岛开发建设指挥部, 河北唐山 063200; 4国家海洋局第二海洋研究所, 杭州 310012)
  • 出版日期:2016-07-10 发布日期:2016-07-10

Newly discovered seagrass bed and its ecological characteristics in the coastal area of Caofeidian, Bohai Sea.

LIU Hui1, HUANG Xiao-ping2*, WANG Yuan-lei3, LIANG Zhou-rui1, GU Bin1, SU Ji-lan4#br#   

  1. (1Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; 3 Development Directorate of Longdao Island, Caofeidian District of Tangshan City, Tangshan 063200, Hebei, China; 4 Second Institute of Oceanology, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China).
  • Online:2016-07-10 Published:2016-07-10

摘要: 2015年10月通过对渤海曹妃甸海域的现场调查,在龙岛西北侧海域发现10 km2的大面积海草床,为中国黄渤海海域已发现的面积最大的海草床,主要种类为大叶藻(Zostera marina)。大叶藻种群在整个海草床呈斑块状分布,覆盖度为2.8±1.1%,茎枝密度为28.21±6.35~101.33±17.99 shoots·m-2;现存植株的叶片数量为2.00±0.00~4.70±0.64枚,株高15.20±5.84~62.10±7.34 cm,根状茎长2.67±1.70~22.20±3.92 cm,根长3.67±2.36~8.00±1.90 cm。单位面积海草的生物量为100.48±47.16 g DW·m-2,估算其总生物量为1.0×06 kg(干重)。海草床内有丰富的游泳动物和底栖生物,尤其是仔稚鱼、稚幼贝、鱼类和蟹类资源十分丰富。该海草床海草的覆盖度和茎枝密度相对较低、分枝较少,每棵植株叶片数量较少,说明海草退化现象较严重,这除了季节因素外,还可能与过度的人类活动干扰有关。本文首次报道了渤海曹妃甸附近海域海草的种类、地理分布及其生态特征,可为进一步研究与保护该区域海草床生态系统提供基础。

关键词: 滴灌施肥, 沟施, 土壤氮素运移, 铵态氮, 硝态氮

Abstract:

A field study was conducted in the coastal area of Caofeidian, Bohai Sea in October 2015. A broad seagrass bed covering approximately 10 km2 was discovered in the northwestern area of Longdao Island. It is the largest seagrass bed discovered so far in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, China, with Zostera marina as the dominant species. Z. marina on the shoal showed patchy distribution, with coverage of 2.8±1.1% and shoot density ranging between 28.21±6.35-101.33±17.99 shoots·m-2.The number of leaves per plant, canopy height, rhizome length and root length ranged between 2.00±0.00-4.70±0.64, 15.20±5.84-62.10±7.34 cm, 2.67±1.70-22.20±3.92 cm and 3.67±2.36-8.00±1.90 cm, respectively. The average seagrass biomass was 100.48±47.16 g DW·m-2, and the total biomass was estimated to be 1.0×106 kg (dry weight). A great diversity of nekton and benthic animals was observed during this survey, including a large quantity of juvenile and young fish and molluscs, as well as adult fish and shellfish species. However, the co-verage and shoot density of the seagrass were relatively low, and the number of branches and leaves per plant were also relatively few, which indicated a trend of serious decline in the seagrass bed, possibly attributing to seasonal changes as well as excessive anthropogenic activities. This is the first report on the species identification, distribution and ecological characteristics of seagrass in the Caofeidian area, providing an important basis to initiate further study for protecting the seagrass ecosystem in this region.
 

Key words: drip fertigation, furrow fertilization, soil nitrogen migration, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen.