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三江平原典型小叶章湿地土壤氨挥发特征及影响因素

孙志高1,2;刘景双1;王金达1;秦胜金1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130012; 2中国科学院研究生院,北京 100039

  • 收稿日期:2005-12-16 修回日期:2006-03-06 出版日期:2006-08-10 发布日期:2006-08-10

Characteristics of ammonia (NH3) volatilization and its affecting factors of typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland soils in Sanjiang Plain

SUN Zhigao1,2;LIU Jingshuang1; WANG Jinda1; QIN Shengjin1,2   

  1. 1Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy

    of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

  • Received:2005-12-16 Revised:2006-03-06 Online:2006-08-10 Published:2006-08-10

摘要: 采用通气法对三江平原典型草甸小叶章湿地和沼泽化草甸小叶章湿地土壤的氨挥发进行了原位测定,并对其主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,二者的氨挥发速率在生长季内的变化趋势基本一致,7月中旬前出现两次挥发高峰和一次低值,之后整体呈严格单调下降趋势,后者的氨挥发速率较高,平均为前者的1.35±0.53倍;二者累计氨挥发量的变化趋势也基本一致,7月中旬前增加迅速,且值比较接近;之后增加缓慢,但其值发生明显分异,表现为后者大于前者;生长季内,典型草甸小叶章湿地土壤的氨挥发总量为6.35 kg N·hm-2,而沼泽化草甸小叶章湿地则为6.87 kg N·hm-2,二者之比为1∶1.08;氮素物质基础不是影响二者氨挥发过程的重要限制因素,大气温度及其所引起的其它温度波动是影响氨挥发速率变化的重要因素;降水及土壤水分波动与散失是引起氨挥发速率局部波动的重要原因;土壤pH和质地是导致氨挥发速率普遍较低的根本原因;而各种因素综合作用的结果则是引起二者氨挥发速率和氨挥发量变化及差异的主要原因。

关键词: 小麦, 湿害, 营养调控

Abstract: With venting method, this paper determined in situ the ammonia (NH3) volatilization from the soils of typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland and marsh meadow C. angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain, and analyzed its main affecting factors. The results showed that the change trends of the NH3 volatilization rates of these two typical C. angustifolia wetland soils were basically the same, with two peaks and a valley before the middle ten days of July, and as a whole, strictly monotony downtrend afterwards. The NH3 volatilization rate of marsh meadow C. angustifolia wetland was relatively high, with an average value being 1.35±0.53 folds of typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland. The change trends of cumulative NH3 volatilization amounts were also basically the same, i.e., before the middle ten days of July, they increased rapidly and the values were relative proximity, but afterwards, the values increased slowly and marsh meadow C. angustifolia wetland had a much higher value. In growing season, the total NH3 volatilization amount of typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland and marsh meadow C. angustifolia wetland soils was 6.35 and 6.87 kg N·hm-2, respectively. The analysis of affecting factors indicated that the storage of soil nitrogenous compounds was not the limiting factor affecting the process of NH3 volatilization, while atmospheric temperature and its caused temperature fluctuation were the important factors affecting the changes of NH3 volatilization rate. Precipitation and the fluctuation and evaporation of soil moisture were the important inducers of the partial fluctuation of NH3 volatilization rate, soil pH and texture were the main factors inducing lower NH3 volatilization rate, and the integrative action of all the factors induced the changes and differences of NH3 volatilization rates and NH3 volatilization amounts of the two typical C. angustifolia wetland soils.

Key words: Wheat, Wet injury, Nutrition regulation