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生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 39-48.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.021

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌水对冬小麦群体、花后干物质和籽粒淀粉积累的影响

张晓琪1,李红玉2,杨思1,杨珍平1*,高志强1


  

  1. 1山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801; 2山西农业大学科研管理部, 山西太谷 030801)

  • 出版日期:2023-01-10 发布日期:2023-01-16

Effects of irrigation on the population development and accumulation of dry matter at post-anthesis and starch in grains of winter wheat.

ZHANG Xiao-qi1, LI Hong-yu2, YANG Si1, YANG Zhen-ping1*, GAO Zhi-qiang1#br#

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  1. (1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China; 2Office of Research Administration, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China).

  • Online:2023-01-10 Published:2023-01-16

摘要: 为优化北方晚熟冬麦区冬小麦节水灌溉方式,于2018—2020年连续2年进行田间试验,第一年设置全生育期不灌水(CK)、越冬期1水(W)、拔节期1水(J)、孕穗期1水(B)、越冬期+拔节期2水(WJ)、越冬期+孕穗期2水(WB)、拔节期+孕穗期2水(JB)以及生产上采用的越冬期+拔节期+孕穗期3水(WJB)共8个处理;在第一年试验结果基础上,第二年设置CK、W、B和WB共4个处理,调查了不同灌水处理对冬小麦群体、花后干物质和籽粒淀粉积累的影响。结果表明:灌越冬水W更有利于提高冬小麦群体总茎数;与CK相比,灌水处理(B除外)显著提高花前及花后干物质积累量;早期灌水(如W)有利提高花前贮藏同化物向籽粒转运量,而后期灌水(如B)有利提高花后积累同化物向籽粒分配量;花前贮藏同化物与花后积累同化物对籽粒贡献率因夏闲期降水而异;随灌水次数及灌水总量增加,花后同化物对籽粒贡献率增大。成熟期不同器官干物质含量和比例表现为籽粒(约50%)>茎鞘+叶片(约33%)>颖壳+穗轴(约17%);灌水提高了籽粒淀粉及其组分含量,而降低了直链淀粉与支链淀粉比值。灌越冬水W或孕穗水B处理的籽粒总淀粉及其组分含量较高,而直/支比值较低。增加灌水次数及灌水总量,籽粒总淀粉及其组分含量均先增加后降低,而直/支比值降低。籽粒总淀粉和支链淀粉含量表现为JB>WJB>WB>WJ>W>B>J>CK,灌2水和灌3水处理间差异不显著。综合考虑冬小麦群体发育、花后干物质和籽粒淀粉积累以及节水等因素,本试验条件下以WB处理更好。本研究结果可为该区冬小麦节水稳产提供科学依据。


关键词: 灌水, 冬小麦, 干物质, 淀粉, 积累

Abstract: To optimize water-saving irrigation regimes for late-maturing winter wheat region in North China, we conducted a field experiment in consecutive seasons of 2018-2020 to investigate the population development, post anthesis dry matter accumulation in wheat and starch accumulation in grains under different irrigation treatments. In the first year, there were eight treatments, including non-irrigation as control (CK), irrigation at overwintering stage (W), jointing stage (J) and booting stage (B), irrigation at overwintering and jointing stages (WJ), irrigation at overwintering and booting stages (WB), irrigation at jointing and booting stages (JB), and irrigation at overwintering, jointing and booting stages (WJB). The latter is the common practice in the local region. According to the results of the first season, four treatments were chosen in the second year, including CK, W, B, and WB. Treatment W had stronger positive effects on the stem number of winter wheat population. Compared with CK, irrigation treatments significantly improved dry matter accumulation at the stages of fore and post-anthesis. Irrigation at early stage (e.g. W) was beneficial to increase the transportation of pre-anthesis storage assimilates to grains, while irrigation at late stage (e.g. treatment B) was beneficial to increase the allocation of post-anthesis accumulated assimilates into grains. The contribution rates of pre-anthesis stored assimilates and post-anthesis accumulated assimilates to grains varied with precipitation of fallow summer period. With increasing irrigation frequency and amount, the contribution rate of post-anthesis assimilates to grains increased significantly. Dry matter content and proportion in different organs of winter wheat at the maturity was in the order of grain (about 50%)>stem sheath+leaf (about 33%)>glume+spike-stalk (about 17%). Irrigation increased the contents of starch and its components, but decreased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Total starch amount and its components were higher in treatments W and B, but the ratio of amylose/amylopectin was lower. With increasing irrigation frequency and total amount, total starch amount and its components increased first and then decreased, while the ratio of amylose/amylopectin decreased. The contents of total starch and amylose in grains were in the order of JB>WJB>WB>WJ>W>B>J>CK and without significant differences between the treatments with two and three irrigation times. Synthetically considering the factors including the population development and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in plants and starch in grains of winter wheat, and water save, irrigation at overwintering and booting stages (WB) had the best performance. Our results could provide theoretical basis for water conservation and achieving stable yield in winter wheat production in the study area.


Key words: irrigation, winter wheat, dry matter, starch, accumulation.