油葵栽植对长期重金属污染土地土壤微生物及环境因子的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.028

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2166-2176.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.028

• ·矿区生态过程与生态修复专栏· (专栏组织专家：伍松林、王少锋、王美娥、刘允佳) • 上一篇下一篇

油葵栽植对长期重金属污染土地土壤微生物及环境因子的影响

郭景^1,2,杨奇丽^2*,赵芷萱²,王丰婷²,邰涵宇²,许端平^1,2*,王东丽²

（¹辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院，辽宁阜新 123000； ²辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院，辽宁阜新 123000）

出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-08

Effects of oil sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus) planting on soil microorganisms and environmental factors in long-term heavy metal contaminated land.

GUO Jing^1,2, YANG Qili^2*, ZHAO Zhixuan², WANG Fengting², TAI Hanyu², XU Duanping^1,2*, WANG Dongli²

(¹College of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China; ²College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China).

Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 明确具有重金属污染历史土地油葵栽植对微生物群落结构和功能及环境因子的影响，能够为土壤功能的绿色修复提供科学依据。基于土壤微生物高通量测序统计和宏基因组学分析方法，研究了长期遭受冶炼厂重金属污染的土地在不同油葵栽植情势（无栽植、长势差和长势好）下，土壤微生物群落结构、基因功能与环境因子（土壤重金属和理化指标）间相互作用的差异性，并探讨了其形成原因。结果表明，在高Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的土壤背景下，油葵栽植明显改善了土壤酶活性指标，脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶和磷酸酶都得到提升，并且土壤微生物群落结构发生了显著改变，未栽植油葵的荒地组土壤中，最突出的细菌属为Pseudomonas、norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae、norank_f__norank_o__Gaiellales、norank_f__norank_o__C0119、norank_f__SC-I-84-和norank_f__norank_o__Acidobacteriales，真菌属为Fusarium、Penicillium、Solicoccozyma、unclassified_Fungi和unclassified_f__Archaeosporaceae；而油葵栽植状况最好的大油葵组土壤则表现出细菌Microvirga、Pseudoxanthomonas和真菌unclassified_f__Pyronemataceae、unclassified_f__Sordariaceae的高优势占比。微生物群落组成与环境因子相关性分析表明，细菌和真菌优势属的丰度占比与Pb、Cd、TP呈负相关，而与pH、过氧化氢酶、脲酶呈显著正相关。宏基因组学结果表明，在高重金属污染背景下，土壤主要细菌和真菌属的基因功能以转运和解毒外排为主导，并且宏基因和环境因子的Manteltest矩阵相关分析揭示油葵栽植提升了高重金属胁迫情况下土壤微生物的整体功能活性，并改善了土壤质量。

关键词: 重金属污染, 微生物多样性, 宏基因组, 废弃锌冶炼厂, Mantel-test网络分析

Abstract: Clarifying the effects of oil sunflower cultivation on soil environment and microbial community structure and function in historically heavy metal-contaminated fields can provide a scientific basis for green remediation of soil functionality. Using high-throughput sequencing of soil microbe and metagenomic analysis, we examined the differences in soil microbial community structure, gene functions, and environmental factors (soil heavy metals and physicochemical indicators) in long-term contaminated land by heavy metals from smelters under three oil sunflower planting conditions \[uncultivated wasteland (U_S), stunted-growth (SF_S) and vigorous-growth (SF_L)\], and explored the causes of such differences. Results showed that under the background of high Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, oil sunflower planting significantly improved soil enzyme activities of urease, invertase, peroxidase and phosphatase, and soil microbial community structure significantly changed. Bacteria Pseudomonas, norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae, norank_f__norank_o__Gaiellales, norank_f__norank_o__C0119, norank_f__SC-I-84, norank_f__norank_o__Acidobacteriales and fungi Fusarium, Penicillium, Solicoccozyma, unclassified_Fungi, unclassified_f__Archaeosporaceae dominated in U_S soil, while bacteria Microvirga, Pseudoxanthomonas and fungi unclassified_f__Pyronemataceae, unclassified_f__Sordariaceae were dominant genera in SF_L soil. The abundance ratios of dominant bacterial and fungal genera were negatively correlated with Pb, Cd, and TP, but positively correlated with pH, catalase, and urease. Meanwhile, metagenomics analysis showed that the gene functions of the main bacterial and fungal genera in the soil were dominated by transport and detoxification effects under the background of high heavy metal pollution. The Mantel-test network analysis of metagenomics and environmental factors revealed that oil sunflower cultivation elevated overall functional activity of soil microbes and improved soil quality under high heavy metal stress.

Key words: heavy-metal contamination, microbial diversity, metagenomics, abandoned zinc-smelter, Mantel-test network analysis

郭景, 杨奇丽, 赵芷萱, 王丰婷, 邰涵宇, 许端平, 王东丽. 油葵栽植对长期重金属污染土地土壤微生物及环境因子的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(7): 2166-2176.

GUO Jing, YANG Qili, ZHAO Zhixuan, WANG Fengting, TAI Hanyu, XU Duanping, WANG Dongli. Effects of oil sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus) planting on soil microorganisms and environmental factors in long-term heavy metal contaminated land.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(7): 2166-2176.

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油葵栽植对长期重金属污染土地土壤微生物及环境因子的影响

Effects of oil sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus) planting on soil microorganisms and environmental factors in long-term heavy metal contaminated land.

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