有机替代下土壤有机碳组分差异及其对细菌群落的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202506.036

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1953-1962.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202506.036

有机替代下土壤有机碳组分差异及其对细菌群落的影响

李雨欣^1,2,曾希柏^1,2,文炯^2,3,王亚男^1,2*,张洋^1,2,汤月丰^2,3,许立阳^1,2,徐冰倩^1,2,高进华⁴

（¹中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081； ²国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站，湖南岳阳 414000； ³岳阳市农业科学研究院，湖南岳阳 414000； ⁴史丹利农业集团股份有限公司，山东临沂 276700）

出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-06-09

Differences of soil organic carbon components under organic fertilizer substitution and its influence on bacterial community.

LI Yuxin^1,2, ZENG Xibai^1,2, WEN Jiong^2,3, WANG Yanan^1,2*, ZHANG Yang^1,2, TANG Yuefeng^2,3, XU Liyang^1,2, XU Bingqian^1,2, GAO Jinhua⁴

(¹Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; ²The National Agricultural Environment Observatory in Yueyang, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, China; ³Yueyang Agricultural Sciences, Yueyang 414000, Hunan, China; ⁴Stanley Agricultural Group Co. Ltd., Linyi 276700, Shandong, China).

Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-06-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 有机碳组分和结构是影响土壤碳固持及微生物活性的关键因素，但目前对有机替代下土壤有机碳组分及结构影响土壤细菌群落组成等方面的研究还相对较少。本研究基于岳阳河潮土长期定位试验，设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、猪粪不同比例替代化肥（30%M₁+NPK，60%M₁+NPK，M₁）和菜籽饼肥不同比例替代化肥（30%M₂+NPK，60%M₂+NPK）7个处理，研究有机替代下土壤有机碳组分及结构的变化及其对细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明：与NPK处理相比，只有M₁处理使可溶性有机碳（DOC）、易氧化有机碳（ROC）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿物结合态有机碳（MAOC）含量均显著提高。M₁处理较NPK处理显著降低了POC的烷氧碳比例，显著提高了烷基碳比例、烷基碳/烷氧碳比值和疏水指数，说明该处理下POC稳定性较强。与NPK处理相比，60%M₁+NPK和M₁处理显著提高了细菌的Chao、Ace和Shannon多样性指数，而30%和60%M₂+NPK处理无显著影响。MBC含量和POC的芳香碳比例与细菌群落多样性呈显著正相关，MBC和MAOC含量对细菌群落组成的影响较大。综上，从维持土壤有机碳稳定性和促进微生物多样性来说，M₁处理是最佳的施肥管理模式。该研究结果可为合理推荐有利于农业可持续发展的有机替代化肥模式提供理论支撑。

关键词: 有机肥, 有机碳分组, ¹³C核磁共振（NMR）, 微生物多样性

Abstract: The composition and structure of organic carbon are crucial factors influencing soil carbon sequestration and microbial activity. However, few studies have investigated the effects of soil organic carbon composition and structure on soil bacterial community composition under organic substitution. In this study, we conducted a long-term fertilization experiment on river alluvial soil in Yueyang, with seven treatments: no fertilization (CK), mineral NPK fertilizers only (NPK), pig manure substitution for chemical fertilizer in different proportions (30%M₁+NPK, 60%M₁+NPK，M₁), and rapeseed cake fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer in different proportions (30%M₂+NPK, 60%M₂+NPK). The results showed that, compared to the NPK treatment, the M₁ treatment significantly increased the levels of soluble organic carbon (DOC), readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Moreover, the M₁ treatment reduced the proportion of alkoxy carbon within POC, while significantly increased alkyl carbon content, the ratio of alkyl carbon to alkoxy carbon, and the hydrophobic index. These findings suggested that POC was more stable under the M₁ treatment. Compared to the NPK treatment, the 60%M₁+NPK and M₁ treatments significantly enhanced the Chao, Ace and Shannon indices. However, the 30% and 60%M₂+NPK treatments had no significant effect. The MBC content and the proportion of aromatic carbon in POC were positively correlated with bacterial community diversity. Furthermore, both MBC and MAOC content had a substantial impact on bacterial community composition. In conclusion, the M₁ treatment was the optimal fertilization management approach to maintain soil organic carbon stability and promote microbial diversity. Our results provided theoretical support for finding an organic alternative fertilizer model conducive to sustainable agricultural development.

Key words: organic fertilizer, organic carbon fraction, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), microbial diversity

李雨欣, 曾希柏, 文炯, 王亚男, 张洋, 汤月丰, 许立阳, 徐冰倩, 高进. 有机替代下土壤有机碳组分差异及其对细菌群落的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(6): 1953-1962.

LI Yuxin, ZENG Xibai, WEN Jiong, WANG Yanan, ZHANG Yang, TANG Yuefeng, XU Liyang, XU Bingqian, GAO Jinhua. Differences of soil organic carbon components under organic fertilizer substitution and its influence on bacterial community.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(6): 1953-1962.

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有机替代下土壤有机碳组分差异及其对细菌群落的影响

Differences of soil organic carbon components under organic fertilizer substitution and its influence on bacterial community.

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