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不同前作对烤烟氮肥效应的影响

徐照丽;杨宇虹   

  1. 云南省烟草科学研究所, 云南玉溪 653100
  • 收稿日期:2008-03-24 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-11-10 发布日期:2008-11-10

Influence of different preceding crops on nitrogen fertilizer effect of flue-cured tobacco.

XU Zhao-li; YANG Yu-hong   

  1. Yunnan Tobacco Science Research Institute, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2008-03-24 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-11-10 Published:2008-11-10

摘要: 为了合理选择烤烟轮作周期中的前作,采用田间微区试验和田间小区试验相结合的方法,应用稳定性同位素15N示踪技术,研究了玉溪市通海县四街镇不同前作对烤烟氮肥效应的影响。结果表明:增施氮肥可以降低中部叶和下部叶的总糖含量,提高烟叶中的烟碱浓度,有协调糖碱比的作用;前作种类不同对烤烟的生长有影响,在不施氮时,烤烟总的生物量由低到高顺序依次为大麦(Hordeum vulgar)、洋葱(Allium cepa)、油菜(Pisum sativum)、甜脆豌豆(Brassica napus);前作种类、氮水平以及前作与氮水平的交互作用极显著地影响烤烟氮肥利用率,也显著影响烤烟经济性状(上等烟比例、产量、产值);烤烟较好的前作为大麦和油菜。

关键词: 雷竹, 土壤, 施肥, 有机碳

Abstract: In order to rationally choose the preceding crops of rotated flue-cured tobacco, the influence of different preceding crops on the availability of nitrogen fertilizer to flue-cured tobacco was studied by isotope 15N trace technique in a field plot and micro-plot experiment. The results showed that applying nitrogen fertilizer decreased the total sugar content but increased the nicotine content in the leaves at the middle and lower parts of tobacco plant, showing a harmonizing role on the sugar/nicotine ratio. The residual fertilizer nitrogen in soil varied with preceding crops, resulting in different biomass of flue-cured tobacco. Under the conditions of no nitrogen fertilizer application, the effects of preceding crops on the biomass of flue-cured tobacco were in the order of Hordeum vulgare<Allium cepa<Pisum sativum<Brassica napus. Preceding crop, nitrogen application rate, and their interaction significantly affected nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency (P<0.01), and affected the economic traits of tobacco, such as the proportion of upper grade leaves, yield, and production value. It was indicated that Hordeum vulgare and Pisum sativum were the better preceding crops of rotated flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: Phyllostachys praecox, Soil, Fertilization, Organic carbon