植物竞争研究综述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 概述了竞争的概念、理论(包括最大生长率理论、最小资源需求理论和资源动态两阶段说)、特性(主要有竞争不对称性和环境相关性)及其影响因素,竞争与群落组成、结构和动态的关系。并对近几十年来生态学上关于植物竞争的争论焦点作了论述,即竞争对个体生长、繁殖和存活及群落演替的相对重要性,主要介绍了Grime、Newman&Tilman和Deborah&Ariel的3种观点,其中Grime认为竞争不重要,相反Newman&Tilman认为竞争比较重要,Deborah&Ariel则提出了资源动态两阶段说,认为竞争重要与否取决于两个条件:一为植物对土壤资源的吸收利用与非生物因素两者分别在多大程度上决定了资源可利用性的渐次降低;二为资源正波动期因竞争引起的生长量减少在多大程度上决定了资源负波动期个体的存活率.

关键词: 水稻, 抗倒伏, 养分和水分模式, 硅和钾含量

Abstract: Concepts,theories (including the maximum growth rate theory,the minimum resource requirement theory and two phase resources hypothesis),attributes (asymmetry and environment relation) influencing factors of plant competition,and the relationship between competition and community composition,structure and dynamics were summarized.The focus of controversy were introduced,i.e.,the relative importance of competition to individual growth,reproduction,death and community succession.Three hypotheses were reviewed:Grime considered that competition was not important.Newman & Tilman considered that competition was important.Deborah & Ariel regarded that the importance of competition depended on two conditions:1)How much extent of soil resources decrease is depended on plant absorbing and other factors (such as evaporation and leakage,etc);2) How close is the relationship between livability in interpulse period and decrease of plant growth in resources pulse period.

Key words: Rice, Lodging resistance, Nutrient and water regimes, SiO₂ and K₂O content

中图分类号:

Q948

杜峰, 梁宗锁, 胡莉娟. 植物竞争研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, (4): 157-163.

DU Feng, LIANG Zongsuo, HU Lijuan. A review on plant competition[J]. cje, 2004, (4): 157-163.

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