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生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 3309-3318.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202610.018

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植油莎豆对沙地土壤养分及微生物特性的影响

胡玉香1,2,王聪1,2,杨宁3,王志瑞1,吴辉1,2,刘逸飞1,2,党宁1,2,李颖4,冯雪1,蔡江平1,刘贺永5,姜勇5,李慧1*


  

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3沈阳农业大学, 沈阳 110866; 4辽宁省农业科学院, 沈阳 110161; 5河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071002)
  • 出版日期:2026-10-10 发布日期:2027-04-12

Effects of planting Cyperus esculentus on soil nutrients and microbial properties in sandy land.

HU Yuxiang1,2, WANG Cong1,2, YANG Ning3, WANG Zhirui1, WU Hui1,2, LIU Yifei1,2, DANG Ning1,2, LI Ying4, FENG Xue1, CAI Jiangping1, LIU Heyong5, JIANG Yong5, LI Hui1*   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; 4Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; 5College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China).

  • Online:2026-10-10 Published:2027-04-12

摘要: 油莎豆具有生长迅速、耐旱耐贫瘠的特点。目前油莎豆作为沙化草地生态修复的先锋物种尚未引起足够重视,种植油莎豆对土壤养分循环的影响及其潜在机制仍缺乏系统研究。本研究分析了种植油莎豆前后沙地土壤养分含量、酶活性、土壤呼吸速率、微生物生物量、细菌群落结构组成及潜在生态功能(基于PICRUSt2预测)的变化。结果表明:(1)种植油莎豆使土壤可溶性碳氮比增加1.3倍,土壤碳有效性指数增加40.6%,土壤碳有效性增强。(2)种植油莎豆使土壤微生物生物量氮增加75.3%,土壤蛋白酶活性增加58.8%,土壤硝态氮含量增加13倍,促进了土壤微生物对氮的固持作用,并促进了氮矿化过程。(3)高通量测序结果表明,种植油莎豆显著改变了土壤细菌群落组成,富营养微生物相对丰度增加,拟杆菌门相对丰度从3.7%增加至5.0%,酸杆菌Gp1纲相对丰度从1.4%增加至7.6%,有利于养分快速周转。综上,在沙化草地种植油莎豆可通过增强土壤微生物活性、改善细菌群落结构、调节土壤碳氮周转过程等多重机制活化土壤养分,有利于沙地土壤有机质积累。本研究为风沙半干旱区推广种植油莎豆进行生态修复和土壤改良提供了重要的理论依据。


关键词: 沙化草地, 土壤养分, 微生物群落组成, 寡富营养微生物, 功能预测

Abstract: Cyperus esculentus is characterized by rapid growth and strong tolerance to drought and low soil fertility. However, its potential as a pioneer species for restoring desertified grasslands has received limited attention, and the effects of C. esculentus cultivation on soil fertility and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed changes in soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, soil respiration rates, microbial biomass, bacterial community structure and composition, and predicted functional potential using PICRUSt2 before and after C. esculentus cultivation. The results showed that: (1) C. esculentus cultivation increased the soil dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen ratio by 1.3-fold and the soil carbon availability index by 40.6%, indicating its positive impact on soil carbon availability. (2) C. esculentus cultivation increased microbial biomass nitrogen by 75.3% and protease activity by 58.8%, and elevated soil nitrate content by 13-fold, suggesting its role in enhancing microbial nitrogen immobilization and soil nitrogen mineralization. (3) C. esculentus cultivation significantly altered soil bacterial community composition, with increased relative abundances of copiotrophic taxa, including Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria subgroup Gp1, whose relative abundances increased from 3.7% to 5.0% and from 1.4% to 7.6%, respectively. This pattern was consistent with faster nutrient turnover. In conclusion, C. esculentus cultivation in desertified grasslands can activate soil nutrients through multiple pathways, including enhancing microbial activity, improving bacterial community structure, and regulating soil carbon and nitrogen turnover, thereby facilitating soil organic matter accumulation. This study provides important mechanistic evidence for the promotion of C. esculentus cultivation in ecological restoration and soil fertility improvement in sandy semi-arid regions.


Key words: desertified grassland, soil nutrient, microbial community composition, oligotrophic/copiotrophic microorganisms, functional prediction