腐熟花生秸秆对镉胁迫下花生生长、生理特性及镉积累的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202404.017

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1074-1081.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202404.017

腐熟花生秸秆对镉胁迫下花生生长、生理特性及镉积累的影响

张诗行¹,于树涛^1,2*,张君²,张宇¹,董敬超¹,殷业超¹,王力夫¹,王宣²

（¹辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所，辽宁阜新 123000；²吉林农业大学农学院，长春 130118）

出版日期:2024-04-10 发布日期:2024-04-09

Effects of rotted peanut straw on peanut growth, physiological characteristics and cadmium accumulation under cadmium stress.

ZHANG Shihang¹, YU Shutao^1,2*, ZHANG Jun², ZHANG Yu¹, DONG Jingchao¹, YIN Yechao¹, WANG Lifu¹, WANG Xuan²

(¹Institute of Sandy Land Management and Utilization of Liaoning, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China; ²College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China).

Online:2024-04-10 Published:2024-04-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了在农业生产中合理施用腐熟花生秸秆缓解镉对花生的毒害作用，本试验采用盆栽方式，选用高镉积累品系阜17-N176和低镉积累品种阜花26为供试作物，研究施用不同量的腐熟花生秸秆（0、2.5、5.0、7.5 g·kg^-1土）对不同镉处理（0、1.0、2.0 mg·kg^-1土）下花生生长、生理特性及籽仁镉含量的影响。结果表明：在生长方面，施用腐熟花生秸秆促进了镉胁迫下花生主茎高、侧枝长和荚果重的增长，与不施用秸秆相比，分别最高增加了66.9%、36.6%和44.5%。在生理特性方面，施用腐熟花生秸秆提高了镉胁迫下花生SPAD值、净光合速率和过氧化物酶活性，与不施用秸秆相比，分别最高增加了48.3%、67.6%和131.9%，降低了丙二醛含量，最高降低了25.6%。在镉积累方面，施用腐熟花生秸秆降低了镉胁迫下花生的籽仁镉含量，较不施用秸秆最高降低了51.3%。在施镉量为1.0、2.0 mg·kg^-1的土壤中，施用7.5 g·kg^-1腐熟花生秸秆，花生的各项测量指标表现较好，并且籽仁镉含量符合国家标准，为这两种含量镉污染土壤较适宜的腐熟花生秸秆添加量。与高镉积累品系阜17-N-176相比，低镉积累品种阜花26抵抗镉胁迫的能力较强，并且施用腐熟花生秸秆缓解镉胁迫的效果较好。因此，在镉污染土壤中，施用腐熟花生秸秆且选用低镉积累花生品种有利于缓解镉对花生的毒害作用。

关键词: 花生, 镉胁迫, 腐熟花生秸秆, 生长特性, 生理特性, 籽仁镉含量

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the role of rotted peanut straw in alleviating the toxic effect of cadmium on peanuts. We carried out a pot culture experiment with a high cadmium accumulation strain Fu 17-N-176 and a low cadmium accumulation cultivar Fuhua 26. Different amounts of rotted peanut straw (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 g·kg^-1 soil) were applied under different cadmium levels (0, 1.0, 2.0 mg·kg^-1 soil) to assess their impacts on peanut growth, physiological characteristics, and kernel cadmium content. The results showed that application of rotted peanut straw enhanced peanut growth under cadmium stress. Compared to the no-straw treatment, application of rotted peanut straw increased main stem height, lateral branch length, and pod weight by 66.9%, 36.6%, and 44.5%, respectively. Moreover, application of rotted peanut straw positively influenced the physiological characteristics of peanuts under cadmium stress. Compared to the no-straw treatment, application of rotted peanut straw increased SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, and peroxidase activity by 48.3%, 67.6%, and 131.9%, respectively, while decreased the content of malondialdehyde by 25.6%. In terms of cadmium accumulation, application of rotted peanut straw decreased cadmium content in peanut kernels by 51.3%. In soils with cadmium levels of 1.0 and 2.0 mg·kg^-1, application of 7.5 g·kg^-1 of rotted peanut straw demonstrated positive outcomes for peanuts, and the cadmium content in peanut kernels met the national standards of China. This would be the appropriate application amount of rotted peanut straw for cadmium-contaminated soil with these two cadmium levels. Compared to Fu 17-N-176, Fuhua 26 exhibited stronger resistance to cadmium stress. The effect of applying rotted peanut straw to alleviate cadmium stress in Fuhua 26 was better. Therefore, applying rotted peanut straw and selecting low cadmium accumulation peanut cultivars can alleviate the toxic effect of cadmium on peanuts in cadmium-contaminated soil.

Key words: peanut, cadmium stress, rotted peanut straw, growth characteristics, physiological characteristics, cadmium content in peanut kernel

张诗行, 于树涛, 张君, 张宇, 董敬超, 殷业超, 王力夫, 王宣. 腐熟花生秸秆对镉胁迫下花生生长、生理特性及镉积累的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(4): 1074-1081.

ZHANG Shihang, YU Shutao, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Yu, DONG Jingchao, YIN Yechao, WANG Lifu, WANG Xuan. Effects of rotted peanut straw on peanut growth, physiological characteristics and cadmium accumulation under cadmium stress.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(4): 1074-1081.

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腐熟花生秸秆对镉胁迫下花生生长、生理特性及镉积累的影响

Effects of rotted peanut straw on peanut growth, physiological characteristics and cadmium accumulation under cadmium stress.

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