关键词: 石油开采, 场地污染, 污染特征, 源汇关系, 清洁生产, 管控对策

Abstract: While oil exploitation injects impetus into China’s economic development, it leads to many oil-polluted sites. The appearance of these polluted sites restricts the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment. Taking the Shengli Oilfield in the Yellow River Delta as an example, we proposed that n-alkanes, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 16 preferentially controlled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals can be used as characteristic pollutants for identifying oil mining site pollution. We found that the distribution of pollutants mainly clustered near oil wells and oil transportation lines. The source-sink relationship of soil pollution in oil extraction sites was explored. Oil leakage during oil exploration, extraction, transportation, storage and processing and the combustion of energy fuels during extraction were the main sources of pollution in oil extraction sites. From the perspectives of source control, pollution control and environmental management, we analyzed and discussed the control measures of environmental pollution in oil mining sites, which include actively promoting clean production, improving the level of pollution site control, and improving the enterprise environmental management system. This study provides a scientific basis for the identification and comprehensive treatment of oil-contaminated sites.

Key words: petroleum exploitation, site pollution, pollution characteristics, source-sink relationship, cleaner production, control countermeasure.