北京市校园道路粉尘中重金属元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202510.035

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 3274-3284.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202510.035

北京市校园道路粉尘中重金属元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险

李俊^1,2，胡健^1,2*，王鹏³，马文敏³，郑厚义⁴，吴再璐⁵

（¹中国科学院生态环境研究中心，城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085； ²中国科学院大学，北京 100049； ³中国地质大学（北京）科学研究院，北京 100083； ⁴中化地质矿山总局，北京 100013； ⁵黔南州生态环境污染防治技术中心，贵州 550002）

出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-10

Pollution characteristics, sources and health risks of heavy metallic elements in campus road dust in Beijing, China.

LI Jun^1,2, HU Jian^1,2*, WANG Peng³, MA Wenmin³, ZHENG Houyi⁴, WU Zailu⁵

(¹State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ³Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; ⁴China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing 100013, China; ⁵Qiannan Prefecture Ecology and Ecological Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Center, Guizhou 550002, China).

Online:2025-10-10 Published:2025-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市道路粉尘由于具有环境和健康风险而受到广泛关注。本研究在北京市幼儿园、小学以及高等院校共采集了38个校园道路粉尘样品，测定了其中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Ti、V、Zn的含量，分析了其污染特征、来源及健康风险。结果表明，校园道路粉尘中重金属呈现重度污染。其中，Cd的污染程度最高，其余依次为Zn、Cu、Pb、Co、Cr、Ni、V和Ti。校园道路粉尘中重金属的来源主要包括工业源（33.33%）、交通源（45.93%）和自然源（20.74%）。采用蒙特卡洛模拟，结合美国环保署的健康风险模型进行了健康风险的不确定性评估，结果表明，道路粉尘中重金属具有显著的致癌风险，且儿童的健康风险均高于成人。Cd是校园道路粉尘中的优控污染物，交通源是优先控制的风险源。

关键词: 校园, 道路粉尘, 污染特征, 来源解析, 健康风险

Abstract: Urban road dust has received widespread attention due to its environmental and health risks. In this study, a total of 38 campus road dust samples were collected from kindergartens, elementary schools, and colleges in Beijing. By measuring the contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn, we analyzed the contamination characteristics, sources, and health risks. The results showed that heavy metals in Beijing campus road dust displayed heavy pollution. Among them, Cd showed the highest level of pollution, followed by Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Ni, V and Ti. The sources of heavy metals in campus road dust mainly included industrial sources (33.33%), traffic sources (45.93%), and natural sources (20.74%). Uncertainty assessment of health risk was carried out using Monte Carlo simulation in conjunction with the health risk model of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that heavy metals in road dust had significant carcinogenic risk, and that the health risk of children was higher than that of adults in all cases. Cd was the preferred pollutant to be controlled in campus road dust. Traffic sources were the preferred source of risk to be controlled.

Key words: campus, road dust, pollution characterization, source analysis, health risk

李俊, 胡健, 王鹏, 马文敏, 郑厚义, 吴再璐. 北京市校园道路粉尘中重金属元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(10): 3274-3284.

LI Jun, HU Jian, WANG Peng, MA Wenmin, ZHENG Houyi, WU Zailu. Pollution characteristics, sources and health risks of heavy metallic elements in campus road dust in Beijing, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(10): 3274-3284.

[1]	展海银, 周启星. 胜利油田石油开采场地污染特征、源汇关系与管控对策 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(9): 2256-2265.
[2]	李凤果,陈明,师艳丽,郑小俊,刘燕,刘友存,陶美霞,胡兰文. 赣江上游沉积物重金属空间分布及污染特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(3): 920-927.
[3]	郭燕,程瑞梅,杨邵,沈雅飞,肖文发,雷蕾,王晓荣. 三峡库区不同植被类型消落带土壤重金属含量的时空变异 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(8): 2497-2504.
[4]	仇豪,李金娟,郭兴强,许议元,蔡保德. 贵州某燃煤电厂周边春季大气颗粒物的汞污染特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(5): 1545-1549.
[5]	敖明1,2,张超2,吴永贵1,徐晓航2,钱晓莉1,2,仇广乐2*. 陕西旬阳汞矿区大气降水中汞形态分布特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(7): 1842-1848.
[6]	杨少博1,李江1,2**,张春辉1,吴永贵1,2,闫昌伦1. 贵阳市城市污泥中多环芳烃的分布特征、来源解析及风险评价 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(6): 1675-1681.
[7]	李有文1,曹春1,2**,巨天珍1,赵旭涛1,3,牟瑞强1,刘思琪1,杜名倬1. 白银市不同区域蔬菜地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(11): 3205-3213.
[8]	胡健,张国平,刘頔,张岩林,灌瑾. 贵阳市表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源解析 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(09): 1982-1987.
[9]	仇广乐,刘娜,冯新斌,LANDIS Matthew,商立海,付学吾. 贵阳市大气黑碳污染特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(05): 1018-1022.
[10]	张蕾,周启星. 城市地表径流污染来源的分类与特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(11): 2272-2279.

北京市校园道路粉尘中重金属元素的污染特征、来源及健康风险

Pollution characteristics, sources and health risks of heavy metallic elements in campus road dust in Beijing, China.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 10

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价