盐碱胁迫下外源硫化氢对裸燕麦叶片氮代谢和产量构成因素的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202302.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨外源信号硫化氢（H₂S）对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦（Avena nuda）氮代谢的调控机制及产量构成因素的影响，采用盆栽土培试验，以‘定莜9号’品种为材料，设置盆土不添加盐碱和添加3.00 g·kg^-1盐碱（摩尔比NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃∶NaHCO₃=12∶8∶1∶9）与抽穗期喷水和喷50 μmol·L^-1 H₂S供体硫氢化钠（NaHS）溶液，共4个处理。喷施3 d后分别在第7天和第14天取叶片检测氮代谢相关物质含量和关键酶活性，成熟期调查产量构成因素及产量。结果表明：（1）喷施后第7天，盐碱胁迫显著降低裸燕麦叶片氨态氮、硝态氮、可溶性蛋白质含量和蛋白酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性，对游离氨基酸含量和硝酸还原酶（NR）活性无显著影响；喷施NaHS溶液使盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片氨态氮、游离氨基酸含量和蛋白酶、GPT活性分别显著降低27.3%、51.4%、51.4%、8.3%，GDH和GOT活性分别显著提高12.1%和36.1%，而对硝态氮、可溶性蛋白质含量和NR、GS、GOGAT活性无显著影响。（2）喷施后第14天，盐碱胁迫导致叶片氨态氮、可溶性蛋白质含量和蛋白酶、GS、GOGAT活性显著降低，硝态氮含量和NR、GDH、GOT活性显著提高，而游离氨基酸含量和GPT活性无显著变化；喷施NaHS溶液使盐碱胁迫下叶片GDH和GOT活性分别显著降低62.3%和53.2%，可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量和蛋白酶、GS、GOGAT、GPT活性分别显著提高19.5%、39.0%、71.5%、294.6%、149.7%、23.7%，而氨态氮含量和NR活性无显著变化。（3）盐碱胁迫对裸燕麦地上部干重、收获穗、穗铃数和千粒重无显著影响，而使穗粒数和籽粒产量分别显著下降44.5%和43.6%；喷施NaHS溶液对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦地上部干重、收获穗、穗铃数和千粒重无显著影响，而使穗粒数和籽粒产量分别显著提高61.6%和52.8%。上述结果表明，盐碱胁迫诱导裸燕麦氮代谢发生紊乱，造成产量降低；外源硫化氢可通过调节氮代谢缓解盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦产量构成因素及产量的下降幅度。

关键词: 盐碱胁迫, 硫化氢, 裸燕麦, 氮代谢, 产量构成因素

Abstract: We investigated the effects of exogenous signal hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on nitrogen metabolism and yield components of naked oats (Avena nuda) under saline-alkali stress. The naked oat cultivar ‘Dingyou 9’ was used as materials with potted soil culture. Plants at the heading stage were sprayed with 50 μmol·L^-1 H₂S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) solution for three days to explore its effects on the substance contents and activities of key nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in leaves under 3.00 g·kg^-1 saline-alkali (the molar ratio of NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃∶NaHCO₃=12∶8∶1∶9) stress. The water spraying was used as the control (CK). The yield and its components were counted after maturity. The results showed that, on the 7th day after spraying for three days, compared with the CK, the saline-alkali stress significantly reduced the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soluble protein, as well as the activities of protease, glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in naked oat leaves, but did not affect free amino acid content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity. Spraying NaHS solution significantly decreased the contents of ammonia nitrogen and free amino acids and the activities of protease and GPT in leaves under saline-alkali stress by 27.3%, 51.4%, 51.4% and 8.3%, respectively, and the activities of GDH and GOT were significantly increased by 12.1% and 36.1%, respectively. The contents of nitrate and soluble protein and the activities of NR, GS and GOGAT were not altered. On the 14th day after spraying for three days, saline-alkali stress led to a significant decrease in the contents of ammonia nitrogen and soluble protein and the activities of protease, GS and GOGAT in leaves, and a significant increase in the content of nitrate and the activities of NR, GDH and GOT, while the content of free amino acids and the activities of GPT did not change. Spraying NaHS solution significantly decreased the activities of GDH and GOT in leaves under saline-alkali stress by 62.3% and 53.2%, respectively, and the contents of soluble protein and free amino acids and the activities of protease, GS, GOGAT and GPT in leaves increased significantly by 19.5%, 39.0%, 71.5%, 294.6%, 149.7% and 23.7%, respectively. The content of ammonia nitrogen and the activity of NR did not change significantly. Saline-alkali stress did not affect aboveground dry weight, harvested ears, spike boll number, and thousand-grain weight of naked oats, but significantly decreased the spike grain numbers and grain yield by 44.5% and 43.6%, respectively. Spraying NaHS solution did not affect aboveground dry weight, harvested ears, spike boll number, and thousand-grain weight of naked oats under saline-alkali stress, but significantly increased the spike grain numbers and grain yield by 61.6% and 52.8%, respectively. Those results indicated that saline-alkali stress disturbed nitrogen metabolism of naked oats, resulting in a decrease in yield. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide could alleviate the decline in yield components and yield of naked oats under saline-alkali stress by regulating nitrogen metabolism.

Key words: saline-alkali stress, hydrogen sulfide, naked oat, nitrogen metabolism, yield component.

刘建新, 刘瑞瑞, 刘秀丽, 贾海燕, 卜婷, 李娜. 盐碱胁迫下外源硫化氢对裸燕麦叶片氮代谢和产量构成因素的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(2): 324-332.

LIU Jian-xin, LIU Rui-rui, LIU Xiu-li, JIA Hai-yan, BU Ting, LI Na. Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on nitrogen metabolism in leaves and yield components of naked oat under saline-alkali stress.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(2): 324-332.

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盐碱胁迫下外源硫化氢对裸燕麦叶片氮代谢和产量构成因素的影响

Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on nitrogen metabolism in leaves and yield components of naked oat under saline-alkali stress.

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