水分调控对南疆地区不同熟性苹果农艺特性的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.020

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 313-323.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.020

水分调控对南疆地区不同熟性苹果农艺特性的影响

张楠^1,2,龚珂宁^1,2,黄炳川^1,2,李勇^1,2,曹辉^1,2,杜江涛^1,2,王兴鹏^1,2*

（¹塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300； ²塔里木大学现代农业工程重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300）

出版日期:2023-02-10 发布日期:2023-07-10

Effects of moisture regulation on agronomic characteristics of apples with different ripeness in southern Xinjiang.

ZHANG Nan^1,2, GONG Ke-ning^1,2, HUANG Bing-chuan^1,2, LI Yong^1,2, CAO Hui^1,2, DU Jiang-tao^1,2, WANG Xing-peng^1,2*#br#

#br#

(¹School of Water Resources and Construction Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China; ²Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China).

Online:2023-02-10 Published:2023-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文通过分析不同熟期苹果农艺特性和产量品质的差异性，探讨了水分调控在南疆地区苹果种植中的主导作用，为制定不同品种苹果的灌溉制度提供理论依据。试验于2020年和2021年在阿拉尔市十团矮砧密植苹果园开展，供试品种分别为5年和6年的“皇家嘎啦”和“富士”，设置了5个灌水定额（13.5 mm（W₁）、18 mm（W₂）、22.5 mm（W₃）、27 mm（W₄）和31.5 mm（W₅）），测定了不同灌水定额条件下的苹果农艺性状、耗水特性、产量及品质等评价指标。结果表明：灌水定额对苹果新梢和果径影响差异显著，随着灌水定额的增加新梢长度增大，但却抑制了果实果径的生长；对于不同熟期苹果，各物候期耗水量和作物系数依次为果实膨大期>果实成熟期>开花坐果期，在果实膨大期达到峰值；不同灌水处理下，富士W₃处理、嘎啦W₄处理产量最高；水分利用效率均以W₃处理最优；富士与嘎啦W₁处理的果实硬度、淀粉指数、糖酸比及可溶性固形物等品质指标均优于其他处理，果实含水率则以W₃处理最高；相关性分析表明，硬度、可溶性固形物与水分利用效率相关性较强；将不同熟性苹果的农艺性状、耗水量、产量及品质进行综合分析，同时考虑经济效益，富士与嘎啦适宜的灌水定额为22.5 mm，灌水次数分别为23和20次。

关键词: 水分调控, 南疆, 产量, 品质, 水分利用效率, 综合评价

Abstract: We analyzed the variability of agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality of apples with different ripeness and explored the dominant role of moisture regulation in apple cultivation in southern Xinjiang, aiming to provide theoretical basis for developing irrigation regime for different varieties of apple. The experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021 in dwarf-stock dense apple orchards of Regiment 10 in Alar. Five irrigation levels \[13.5 mm (W₁), 18 mm (W₂), 22.5 mm (W₃), 27 mm (W₄) and 31.5 mm (W₅)\] were set for the test varieties Royal Gala and Fuji of five and six years old, respectively. The indices of agronomic traits, water consumption characteristics, yield and quality of apples were measured. The results showed that irrigation quota had a significant effect on apple shoot and fruit diameter. The length of new shoots increased with increasing irrigation quota, but fruit diameter was inhibited. For apple trees of different ripeness, water consumption and crop coefficient of each phenological stage were in the order of fruit expansion>fruit ripening>flowering and fruit setting, with a peak at fruit expansion. Among the various irrigation treatments, Fuji and Royal Gala had the highest yield in treatments W₃ and W₄ respectively. W₃ was the treatment with the highest water use efficiency. Fruit hardness, starch index, sugaracid ratio, and soluble solid content of Fuji and Royal Gala in treatment W₁ were superior to those of the other treatments. Fruits from the treatment W₃ had the highest water content. Hardness and the content of soluble solids were strongly correlated with water use efficiency. The comprehensive analyses on agronomic traits, water consumption, yield and quality of apples of different ripeness as well as the economic benefits showed that the suitable irrigation quota for Fuji and Royal Gala was 22.5 mm, and that the frequency of irrigation was 23 and 20, respectively.

Key words: moisture regulation, southern Xinjiang, yield, quality, water use efficiency, overall evaluation.

张楠, 龚珂宁, 黄炳川, 李勇, 曹辉, 杜江涛, 王兴鹏. 水分调控对南疆地区不同熟性苹果农艺特性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(2): 313-323.

ZHANG Nan, GONG Ke-ning, HUANG Bing-chuan, LI Yong, CAO Hui, DU Jiang-tao, WANG Xing-peng. Effects of moisture regulation on agronomic characteristics of apples with different ripeness in southern Xinjiang.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(2): 313-323.

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水分调控对南疆地区不同熟性苹果农艺特性的影响

Effects of moisture regulation on agronomic characteristics of apples with different ripeness in southern Xinjiang.

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