生物降解地膜对土壤水热及甜菜水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.008

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1861-1869.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.008

生物降解地膜对土壤水热及甜菜水分利用效率的影响

李英浩^1,2,李鑫³,任惠敏^1,2,黄春燕^1,2,薛春雷¹,李智^1,2,韩康^1,2,菅彩媛^1,2,田露^1,2*,郭晓霞^1,2*

（¹内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院，呼和浩特 010031； ²内蒙古自治区草原英才创新团队（甜菜提质增效绿色栽培技术创新人才团队），呼和浩特 010031； ³内蒙古农业大学，呼和浩特 010031）

出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-12-01

Effects of biodegradable mulching film on soil water and heat conditions and water use efficiency of sugar beet.

LI Yinghao^1,2, LI Xin³, REN Huimin^1,2, HUANG Chunyan^1,2, XUE Chunlei¹, LI Zhi^1,2, HAN Kang^1,2, JIAN Caiyuan^1,2, TIAN Lu^1,2*, GUO Xiaoxia^1,2*

(¹Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; ²Grassland Talents Innovation Team of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Beet Quality and Efficiency Green Cultivation Technology Innovation Talent Team), Hohhot 010031, China; ³Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010031, China).

Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对内蒙古地区降雨量少、水分利用效率低以及传统塑料地膜污染等问题，于2023年在内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院开展田间试验，试验设置黑色聚乙烯地膜（PE）、白色生物降解渗水地膜（S1）、灰色生物降解渗水地膜（S2）3种不同类型地膜和不覆膜（CK）4个处理，探讨不同类型地膜的降解性能及对土壤水分、温度和甜菜水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明：白色生物降解地膜的降解速率最快；与不覆膜相比，3种地膜能够不同程度改善土壤水热环境，其中以白色生物降解地膜效果最佳，白色生物降解地膜覆盖下，土壤含水量显著提高6.95%～18.86%，土壤温度显著提高2.5～5.5 ℃，耗水量、耗水强度和耗水模系数分别显著下降10.15%、28.67%和12.94%，水分利用效率显著提高14.89%，土壤容重显著降低3.05%，土壤孔隙度显著提高6.14%，甜菜净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别显著提高18.27%～30.42%、13.55%～21.29%、22.28%～59.85%、17.94%～76.26%。综上，白色生物降解地膜覆盖能有效调节土壤水热环境，提升生育期水分利用效率，促进甜菜生长。

关键词: 甜菜, 生物降解地膜, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 水分利用

Abstract: In response to challenges such as low rainfall, low water use efficiency, and pollution from traditional plastic mulch in Inner Mongolia, a field experiment was conducted in 2023 at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences. There were four treatments: black polyethylene mulch (PE), white biodegradable water-permeable mulch (S1), gray biodegradable water-permeable mulch (S2), and no mulch (CK). We investigated the degradation performance of different types of mulch and their effects on soil moisture, temperature, and water use efficiency of sugar beets. The results showed that the white biodegradable mulch had the fastest degradation rate. Compared to the no-mulch treatment, all three types of mulch improved soil hydrothermal environment, with the best performance of the white biodegradable mulch. Under white biodegradable mulch coverage, soil moisture significantly increased by 6.95% to 18.86%, and soil temperature significantly rose by 2.5 to 5.5 ℃. Water consumption, water consumption intensity, and water consumption modulus coefficient significantly decreased by 10.15%, 28.67%, and 12.94%, respectively. Water use efficiency significantly improved by 14.89%, while soil bulk density significantly decreased by 3.05%, and soil porosity significantly increased by 6.14%. Net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of sugar beets significantly increased by 18.27% to 30.42%, 13.55% to 21.29%, 22.28% to 59.85%, and 17.94% to 76.26%, respectively. In conclusion, white biodegradable mulch coverage effectively regulates soil hydrothermal environment, improves water use efficiency during the growth period, and promotes sugar beet growth.

Key words: sugar beet, biodegradable mulching film, soil moisture, soil temperature, water utilization

李英浩, 李鑫, 任惠敏, 黄春燕, 薛春雷, 李智, 韩康, 菅彩媛, 田露, 郭晓霞. 生物降解地膜对土壤水热及甜菜水分利用效率的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(6): 1861-1869.

LI Yinghao, LI Xin, REN Huimin, HUANG Chunyan, XUE Chunlei, LI Zhi, HAN Kang, JIAN Caiyuan, TIAN Lu, GUO Xiaoxia. Effects of biodegradable mulching film on soil water and heat conditions and water use efficiency of sugar beet.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(6): 1861-1869.

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生物降解地膜对土壤水热及甜菜水分利用效率的影响

Effects of biodegradable mulching film on soil water and heat conditions and water use efficiency of sugar beet.

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