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高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片形态及解剖结构对海拔的响应

刘梦颖1,2,刘光立2,康永祥1*,张硕2,吴云2,王玉2   

  1. (1西北农林科技大学, 陕西杨凌 712100;2 四川农业大学, 成都 611130)
  • 出版日期:2018-01-10 发布日期:2018-01-10

Responses of leaf morphological and anatomical structure to elevation in an alpine plant Meconopsis integrifolia. 

LIU Meng-Ying1,2, LIU Guang-Li2, KANG Yong-Xiang1*, ZHANG Shuo2, WU Yun2, WANG Yu2   

  1. (1Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China).
  • Online:2018-01-10 Published:2018-01-10

摘要: 为了阐明高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿(Meconopsis integrifolia)对海拔及高山环境的形态学适应特征,沿海拔梯度选择了5个海拔的全缘叶绿绒蒿分布区域(3681、3841、4081、4215和4452 m),采用常规石蜡制片技术和显微观察方法,对其形态及叶片解剖结构进行了研究。结果表明:随着海拔的升高,株型方面,全缘叶绿绒蒿的株高、基径逐渐减小;叶片形态方面,叶片逐渐变小,叶形逐渐狭长,具体表现为叶片长度、宽度逐渐减小,叶片长宽比逐渐增大;叶片解剖结构方面,叶片厚度、表皮细胞厚度、海绵组织厚度、组织疏松度及中脉直径呈减小趋势;栅栏组织厚度、栅海厚度比、组织紧密度呈增大趋势;叶表皮结构方面,叶片表皮毛密度、气孔密度及气孔指数均呈增大趋势。此外,解剖结构指标之间大多呈现出明显的协同进化,各形态指标对海拔的变化表现出较大的可塑性。全缘叶绿绒蒿形态及叶片解剖结构在不同海拔上表现出的这种差异,可能是植物长期适应高山复杂环境的结果。

关键词: 四川盆区, 水稻, 干旱, 风险比较

Abstract: In order to reveal the adaptive mechanism of the alpine plantMeconopsis integrifolia, we compared foliar structure ofM. integrifolia in Mount Balang along an elevation gradient (3681, 3841, 4081, 4215, 4452 m), using paraffin wax slices method and microimaging technique. We found that there existed differences in foliar traits along the altitudinal gradient. With the increase of altitudes, the patterns of foliar traits were as follows: (1) plant height and basal diameter decreased; (2) leaf length and width decreased, while length width ratio increased; (3) palisade mesophyll thickness, palisade-sponge mesophyll thickness ratio and leaf cell tense ratio showed an increase, while the thickness of leaf, epidermis, sponge mesophyll, the midrib diameter, sponge ratio decreased; (4) leaf trichome density, stomatal density as well as stomatal index showed a trend of increase. Besides, we analyzed the correlation between the anatomical characteristics of leaves, and investigated the response and ecological adaptability of plant characteristics to different altitudes. The results indicated the occurrence of a significant co-evolution between anatomical indexes in leaves. In particular, indexes such as plant height and leaf size exhibited high plastic responses to altitudes. All these suggested that differences in either morphological or anatomical structure ofM. integrifolia along the altitudinal gradient might result from its adaptation to complex alpine environment.

Key words: rice, risk comparison., drought, Sichuan Basin