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近30年松嫩平原西部地区丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性动态变化

周海涛,那晓东*,臧淑英   

  1. (黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室/哈尔滨师范大学, 哈尔滨 150025)
  • 出版日期:2016-04-10 发布日期:2016-04-10

Dynamic change of red-crowned crane habitat suitability in the west Songnen Plain during the past 30 years.

ZHOU Hai-tao, NA Xiao-dong*, ZANG Shu-ying   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China).
  • Online:2016-04-10 Published:2016-04-10

摘要: 栖息地适宜性评价是开展珍稀濒危物种保护及生物多样性保护的基础与关键。基于GIS空间分析技术,利用Landsat TM遥感影像,选取土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、河流密度、湖泊密度、居民地密度、道路密度和耕地密度7个变量作为评价指标环境因子,结合实测丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)数据,采用MaxEnt模型建模评价分析松嫩平原西部地区1980—2010年丹顶鹤栖息地空间分布及其质量动态变化。结果表明:(1)研究区内适宜丹顶鹤栖息的环境主要分布在河流、湖泊周围植被覆盖度较好且人为活动干扰密度较小的沼泽湿地和草地;(2)1980年、1995年、2000年和2010年4个时期研究区内丹顶鹤栖息地最适宜区和较适宜区面积均逐渐减少,最适宜区面积由1980年的7536.38 km2减少到2010年的3762.50 km2,非适宜区面积逐年增加;(3)栖息地不同等级适宜区之间转化具有就近性与可逆性,多为最适宜区转为较适宜区,较适宜区转为次适宜区,非适宜区转为最适宜区所占比重较少。本研究为今后湿地发展规划、保护区合理布局、生物资源可持续发展和生物多样性保护提供科学参考。

关键词: 夏闲期, 冬小麦, 氮矿化, 硝态氮残留, 淋失

Abstract: Habitat suitability assessment provides scientific basis for protecting rare waterfowl habitat and preserving biodiversity. In this study, habitat suitability of redcrowned crane in the west Songnen Plain during 1980 to 2010 was performed by the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. This model was implemented using Landsat TM image data, measured waterfowl distribution points, as well as selected environmental characteristics including land use type, vegetation coverage, density of rivers, density of lakes, density of residents, density of roads and density of croplands. Finally, we could get the suitability hierarchical graph of the redcrowned crane habitat suitability. The results showed that: (1) Suitable habitat for the redcrowned crane in the study area was mainly distributed in marsh wetlands and grasslands surrounded by rivers or lakes with high coverage of vegetation and a low degree of human disturbance. (2) The area of most suitable region and moderately suitable region during the four periods (1980, 1995, 2000 and 2010) were all gradually decreased. The most suitable area was decreased from 7536.38 km2 in 1980 to 3762.50 km2 in 2010. The unsuitable area was increased year by year. (3) The transformation among different habitat suitable grades conformed to the principle of proximity and reversibility. Thus the most area of most suitable region turned into moderately suitable region and the most area of moderately suitable region turned into marginally suitable region. On the contrary, the area of unsuitable region turned into most suitable region was small. This study offers a significant basis for wetland development planning, nature reserve conservation and reasonable layout, biological resource sustainable development and biodiversity conservation in the future.

Key words: residual nitrate-N, summer fallow, leaching, winter wheat, nitrogen mineralization.