越冬期低温胁迫对黄淮地区不同品种小麦的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202108.033

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 2431-2440.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202108.033

越冬期低温胁迫对黄淮地区不同品种小麦的影响

余卫东^1,2*,伍露²,冯利平²,胡程达¹

（¹中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室，郑州 450003；²中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193）

出版日期:2021-08-10 发布日期:2021-08-16

Effects of freezing stress on different varieties of wheat during overwinter period in Huang-Huai area.

YU Wei-dong^1,2*, WU Lu², FENG Li-ping², HU Cheng-da¹

(¹Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Ensuring and Applied Technique, China Meteorological Administration/Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China; ²College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China).

Online:2021-08-10 Published:2021-08-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冻害是冬小麦生产中主要农业气象灾害之一，气候变暖和冬季气温升高并没有明显减轻冬小麦越冬期冻害风险。本研究通过大田盆栽和室内低温箱处理相结合的方式，选取冬性（农大211，ND）、半冬性（郑麦366，ZM）和弱春性（偃展4110，YZ）品种进行1 d的低温处理试验，其中ND和ZM的处理温度分别为-8、-9、-10、-12和-15 ℃，YZ的处理温度为-6、-9、-10、-12和-15 ℃。结果表明：当处理温度≥-15 ℃时，ND没有植株死亡，ZM和YZ在-12 ℃和-15 ℃时出现植株死亡，死株率分别为58.3%～66.7%和100%；ND和YZ茎相对死亡率在-10 ℃时显著增加，ZM则是在-9 ℃时显著增加，当茎相对死亡率达50%时，3个品种对应的临界温度值分别为-14.6 ℃（ND）、-11.3 ℃（ZM）和-10.0 ℃（YZ），茎相对死亡率可以作为黄淮麦区冬小麦抗寒性评价参考指标；-12 ℃及以下低温条件下，乳熟期单株干物质质量均显著降低，而叶片净光合速率在开花期没有显著差异；不同处理温度下3个品种均表现出减产趋势，且产量损失率随处理温度降低而增加；相同处理温度条件下，产量损失率和茎相对死亡率都表现为ND<ZM<YZ；对产量损失率的分析表明，单位面积穗数减少是造成减产的主导原因。

关键词: 冬小麦, 低温胁迫, 产量损失, 黄淮地区, Logistic方程

Abstract: Freezing injury is one of the common agrometeorological disasters in winter wheat production. The risk of winter wheat freezing injury during overwintering was not reduced with the increased winter temperature under climate warming. In this study, field acclimated seedlings and freezing chamber process were combined in a controlled freezing experiment for one day treatment. Three winter wheat cultivars were used in this experiment, including winterness wheat (Nong 211, ND), semiwinterness wheat (Zheng 366, ZM) and weakspring wheat (Yan 4110, YZ). The treatment temperature for ND and ZM was -8, -9, -10, -12 and -15 ℃, while the temperature for YZ was -6, -9, -10, -12 and -15 ℃. The results showed that no plants were killed in ND when temperature was above -15 ℃, while 58.3%–66.7% and 100% of plants were killed in ZM and YZ when temperature was between -15 ℃ and -12 ℃, respectively. Relative stem loss rate of ND and YZ significantly increased at -10 ℃, while that of ZM significantly increased at -9 ℃. When relative stem loss rate reached 50%, the critical temperature was -14.6 ℃ (ND), -11.3 ℃ (ZM) and -10.0 ℃ (YZ). The relative stem loss rate could thus be used as an index to identify the freezing tolerance of winter wheat in Huang-Huai area. Compared with the control, dry matter weight of each plant in the milk stage was significantly reduced due to low temperature stress below -12 ℃. However, the low temperature stress did not affect the net photosynthetic rate of leaves in the flowering stage. Moreover, grain yield of the three cultivars decreased under low temperature stress, while the yield loss rate increased with the decreased temperature. The yield loss rate and relative stem loss rate were ND < ZM < YZ at the same low temperature. Furthermore, the results of yield loss indicated that the decrease of spike number per unit area was the leading cause for the final yield reduction.

Key words: winter wheat, freezing stress, yield loss, Huang-Huai area, Logistic equation.

余卫东, 伍露, 冯利平, 胡程达. 越冬期低温胁迫对黄淮地区不同品种小麦的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(8): 2431-2440.

YU Wei-dong, WU Lu, FENG Li-ping, HU Cheng-da. Effects of freezing stress on different varieties of wheat during overwinter period in Huang-Huai area.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(8): 2431-2440.

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越冬期低温胁迫对黄淮地区不同品种小麦的影响

Effects of freezing stress on different varieties of wheat during overwinter period in Huang-Huai area.

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