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生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 305-312.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.022

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

低氮胁迫下有机无机肥配施对小麦根际土壤氮矿化和微生物群落结构的影响

车钊,姜方莹,张军,张浩苏,罗华影,董萧,董召荣,宋贺*   

  1. (安徽农业大学农学院, 农业农村部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 合肥 230036)
  • 出版日期:2023-02-10 发布日期:2023-07-10

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nitrogen mineralization and microbial community structure in rhizosphere of wheat under low nitrogen stress.

CHE Zhao, JIANG Fang-ying, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Hao-su, LUO Hua-ying, DONG Xiao, DONG Zhao-ong, SONG He*   

  1. (College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, China).

  • Online:2023-02-10 Published:2023-07-10

摘要: 受天气和劳动力限制,小麦拔节肥不能及时施入时有发生。有机无机肥配合施用有较长的养分供应期,但能否缓解小麦拔节期低氮胁迫仍不清楚。本研究利用real-time PCR、16S rRNA和ITS测序技术,分析推迟拔节肥下有机无机肥配比对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,探究微生物群落结构和根际氮矿化的关系,为小麦高效栽培提供科学依据。本研究依托于有机无机配比定位试验,共设置4个处理:单施化肥(T1)、15%、30%和45%羊粪配施化肥(T2、T3和T4)。施拔节肥前一天进行土壤样品采集(拔节肥推迟20天施入),测定根际土壤氮矿化势,细菌和真菌丰度、多样性和群落结构等指标。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,有机无机配施处理能显著提高根际土壤氮矿化势,T2、T3和T4处理分别是单施化肥处理的2.0、1.7和2.2倍;各处理根际土壤细菌丰度无显著差异,配施有机肥降低了真菌丰度;与单施化肥相比,T2、T3和T4处理细菌的Chao1指数分别显著增加了5.1%、7.0%和8.6%;真菌Shannon指数随有机肥配施比例增加呈降低趋势,与T2处理相比,T4处理真菌的Shannon指数显著降低18.9%。相关分析表明,氮矿化势与细菌Chao1指数呈极显著正相关,与真菌丰度呈显著负相关。RDA分析表明,根际土壤可溶性有机碳为细菌群落的主要驱动因子。本研究表明,推迟拔节肥下有机无机肥配施通过增加根际土壤细菌的多样性,提高根际土壤氮矿化势,增强小麦拔节期低氮胁迫下土壤供氮潜力。


关键词: 推迟拔节肥, 有机无机肥配比, 氮矿化, 真菌和细菌

Abstract: Fertilizer is usually difficult to apply in time at the jointing stage of wheat growth, due to the lack of labor force and weather constraints. Combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers have a longer nutrient supply period, but it is not clear whether they can alleviate low N stress in wheat at the jointing stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of the ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizer under delayed jointing fertilization on soil microbial community structure using real-time PCR, 16S rRNA, and ITS sequencing technology, and explored the relationship between microbial community structure and rhizosphere nitrogen mineralization, aiming to provide scientific basis for efficient cultivation of wheat. We conducted a positioning experiment with four treatments, i.e. only chemical fertilizer (T1), 15%, 30% and 45% sheep manure combined with chemical fertilizer (T2, T3 and T4). Soil samples were collected one day before the application of jointing fertilizer, which was delayed by 20 days. Nitrogen mineralization potential, bacterial and fungal abundance, diversity and community structure in rhizosphere soil were measured. The results showed that nitrogen mineralization potential of rhizosphere soil in treatments T2, T3 and T4 was 2.0, 1.7 and 2.2 times that of T1, respectively. There was no significant difference in bacterial abundance of rhizosphere soil among different treatments, while the abundance of fungi was decreased under various combined applications. Compared with T1, Chao1 index of bacteria was significantly increased by 5.1%, 7.0%, and 8.6% in the treatments of T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The Shannon index of fungi showed a decreasing trend as the proportion of organic fertilizers increased. Compared with treatment T2, the Shannon index of fungi under T4 was significantly decreased by 18.9%. Results of correlation analysis showed that nitrogen mineralization potential was positively correlated with bacterial Chao1 index and negatively correlated with fungal abundance. Results of redundancy analysis showed that soluble organic carbon content in rhizosphere soil was the main driving factor of bacterial community. Our results indicated that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers under delayed wheat jointing fertilizer increased nitrogen mineralization potential of rhizosphere soil due to increased bacterial diversity of rhizosphere soil, thus enhancing soil nitrogen supply potential at wheat jointing stage under low nitrogen stress.


Key words: delayed jointing fertilizer, ratio of organic to inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen mineralization, fungi and bacteria.