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环境因子对洞庭湖流域三种树木蒸腾的影响

刘娜1,关华德1,2,罗紫东1,张赐成1,章新平1*,王婷1
  

  1. 1湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙410006;2 School of the Environment & National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia)
  • 出版日期:2016-06-10 发布日期:2016-06-10

Effects of environmental factors on transpiration of three tree species in the Dongting Lake Basin.

LIU Na1, GUAN Hua-de1,2, LUO Zi-dong1, ZHANG Ci-cheng1, ZHANG Xin-ping1*, WANG Ting1#br#   

  1. (1College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; 2School of the Environment & National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia).
  • Online:2016-06-10 Published:2016-06-10

摘要: 蒸腾是植物重要的生理活动之一,受多种环境因子的影响。本文基于改进的Jarvis-Stewart模型研究洞庭湖流域3个树种(桂花树(Osmanthus fragrans)、樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)和枫香(Liquidambar formosana))的蒸腾对环境因子(太阳辐射、饱和水汽压差(VPD)和土壤水势)的响应,比较不同环境因子对3种树蒸腾的影响并讨论VPD对植物蒸腾的双重影响。结果表明:(1)桂花树和枫香的蒸腾对太阳辐射的反应比樟树迅速,樟树的蒸腾对VPD的敏感度明显高于桂花树和枫香,樟树和枫香对水势的响应比桂花树更敏感,说明植物蒸腾对环境因子的响应有树种之差。(2)从生长季的平均值来看,2013年影响植物蒸腾的主导因子是水分条件,2014和2015年是VPD,说明决定植物蒸腾的主要是不同年份间的水文气象条件差异,与树种无关。(3)VPD对植物蒸腾既有促进作用又有限制作用。2013年(夏季干旱)VPD对植物蒸腾的双重影响非常明显,随着VPD值增加,VPD对蒸腾的促进作用增强;增加到一定值,VPD对蒸腾的限制作用随之增大。2014和2015年(降水多),VPD值比较小,VPD对植物蒸腾主要是促进作用。

关键词: 玉米, 油菜素内酯, 一氧化氮, 低温胁迫, 氧化伤害

Abstract: Transpiration, influenced by many environmental variables, is one of the important physiological activities for plants. The responses of transpiration to environmental factors (solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential) were examined for some tree species (Osmanthus fragrans, Cinnamomum camphora and Liquidambar formosana) over three years with distinguished precipitation amounts (drought summer in 2013 and wet in 2014 and 2015) based on a recently developed transpiration model (the modified Jarvis-Stewart model). The model calculates transpiration from a maximum value scaled down by three functions of individual environmental factors. The functions were rigorously parameterized simultaneously using an advanced optimization algorithm. The results indicated that: (1) The transpiration response of O. fragrans and L. formosana to solar radiation was more sensitive than  C. camphora, while C. camphora transpiration was more sensitive to VPD than O. fragrans and L. formosana. (2) On average during the whole growing season, the primary impact factor of plant transpiration was water potential in 2013, and VPD in 2014 and 2015. (3) The dual impact of VPD to transpiration was observed in 2013, in which an optimal VPD for transpiration occurred. Away from this optimal VPD value, transpiration decreased. In 2014 and 2015, transpiration increased with VPD.

Key words: maize, brassinosteroid, nitric oxide, low temperature, oxidative damage.