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模拟降雨对常绿植物叶表面滞留颗粒物的影响

郭若妍,王会霞,石辉*   

  1. (西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院, 西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 西安 710055)
  • 出版日期:2019-07-10 发布日期:2019-07-10

Effects of simulated rainfall on leaf particulate matter of different size fractions of evergreen plants.

GUO Ruo-yan, WANG Hui-xia, SHI Hui*   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, China).
  • Online:2019-07-10 Published:2019-07-10

摘要: 降雨能够冲洗植物表面滞留的颗粒物并将其带入土壤中,使植物表面恢复滞尘能力。本文采用人工模拟降雨,以木犀(Osmanthus fragrans)、海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)、石楠(Photinia serrulata)、荷花玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)和白皮松(Pinus bungeana)6种常绿植物为研究对象,选取60和90 mm·h-1两个雨强,历时60 min,从不同粒径颗粒物(被孔径10  μm滤膜截留的颗粒物,标记为PM>10;通过孔径10  μm滤膜而被2.5  μm截留的颗粒物标记为PM2.5~10;通过孔径2.5  μm滤膜的颗粒物标记为PM2.5)的洗脱率、滞留颗粒物阈值、建立拟合关系3个方面阐述了降雨和颗粒物之间的动态关系。结果表明:降雨对叶面各粒径颗粒物均有明显的洗脱作用,PM、PM>10、PM2.5~10和PM2.5的洗脱率分别为54.55%~95.07%、49.83%~96.00%、63.15%~93.63%和75.80%~91.84%;且90 mm·h-1雨强对PM和PM>10的洗脱率较60 mm·h-1高(P<0.05);降雨强度对PM>10的洗脱率影响显著,对于PM2.5~10和PM2.5的影响不明显;6种植物滞留PM和PM>10的阈值由大到小为白皮松>女贞>荷花玉兰>石楠>海桐>木犀;降雨初期,叶表面颗粒物洗脱率随降雨历时先急剧上升,随后趋于平稳;降雨量与颗粒物洗脱率有良好的拟合关系,随着降雨量的增大,颗粒物的洗脱率呈对数升高,并且在降雨初期30 min内颗粒物洗脱率上升较快,随后上升趋势趋于平缓。

关键词: 微生物生物量碳, 黑土, 免耕, 垄作

Abstract: Plants can recover their ability in capturing particulate matter (PM) deposited on leaf surface through the washing of rainfall. In this study, six evergreen plant species (Osmanthus fragrans, Pittosporum tobira, Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia serrulata, Magnolia grandiflora, and Pinus bungeana) were selected to investigate the washoff effects, retention threshold, and the relationships between rainfall and washoff efficiency under two rainfall intensities (60 and 90 mm·h-1) and different duration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 min). The PM deposited on leaf surface were classified into three size fractions: PM>10 (particles intercepted by 10  μm membrane), PM2.5-10 (particles pass through 10  μm membrane and intercepted by 2.5  μm membrane), and PM2.5 (particles pass through 2.5  μm membrane). The results showed that rainfall can remove most of the PM and its size fractions deposited on leaf surfaces. The elution rate ranged from 54.55% to 95.07%, 49.83% to 96.00%, 63.15% to 93.63% and 75.80% to 91.84% for PM, PM>10, PM2.5-10 and PM2.5, respectively. The elution rates of PM and PM>10under the rainfall intensity of 90 mm·h-1 were higher than those of PM2.5-10 and PM2.5. Rainfall intensity had significant effects on the elution rates of PM>10, but with no effects on PM2.5-10 and PM2.5. The threshold of retaining PM and PM>10 for the six species ranked as (from large to small): P. bungeana>L. lucidum>M. grandiflora>P. serrulata>P. tobira>O. fragrans. The washoff efficiency increased sharply at the beginning of rainfall, and then increased very slowly. The rainfall and particulate matter washoff efficiency were well correlated. As rainfall increased, the PM washoff efficiency increased logarithmically. The PM washoff efficiency increased rapidly within 30 minutes, and then increased in a very low speed.

Key words: microbial biomass carbon, black soil, no tillage, ridge tillage.